The Future Then
At the dawn of Prohibition, the future of happy hour looked bleak, but PopSci's archives reveal that within every speakeasy resides a science lab, and within every bootlegger, an unlikely inventor or chemist

The future of breweries looked dim on January 16, 1919, when the Eighteenth Amendment and the accompanying Volstead Act banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating beverages. Unsurprisingly, the black market was more than happy to help people drink without getting caught.

Popular Science had some ideas too.


Click to launch the photo gallery.

Despite the Progressives' intention to improve society by banning liquor, Prohibition became an era characterized by seedy glamor and organized crime. Between 1920 and 1933, we filled our pages with panicked headlines: "Poisons....Lurk in Bootleg Booze," so naturally, "Millions of Americans Are Committing Slow Suicide."

We weren't exaggerating -- thanks to the carelessness of bootleggers, thousands of people died after drinking liquor that contained traces of wood alcohol. Still, while the moonshine market certainly enabled social corruption, we'd argue that it also contributed to science by producing an unlikely breed of chemists and inventors.

Contrary to its depiction in pop culture, smuggling wasn't just about joining the Mafia or running down Prohibition agents. Over time, bootlegging groups mastered formulas for manufacturing large (toxin-free) quantities of raw alcohol, while people running booze between Canada and Detroit invented contraptions that let them transport cases of the stuff undetected. Even certified scientists had fun getting around the law: noting that the amendment banned alcoholic drinks, but not solids, Dr. John C. Olsen, a Brooklyn chemist, cooked up "jellied cocktails" in his lab.

On the less illicit side of things, home-brewing became a popular pastime after the government permitted people to brew beverages measuring 0.5 percent alcohol. After examining the era through the lens of our archives, we're proud to report that Popular Science taught readers how to appease their vices without dying or getting arrested.

Click through our gallery to learn more about the science of bootlegging and home brews.

11 Comments

Patent number 6,630,507 - Assigned to the US Dept. of Health and Human Services.

This patent states unequivocally that cannabinoids are useful in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of diseases including auto-immune disorders, stroke, trauma, and Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, HIV, and Dementia. The patent was awarded in 2003 and is based on research done by the National Institute of Health, assigned to the US Dept. of Health and Human Services.

Here is a legal document, in the public domain, which flies in the face of the US Government's stated position with regard to the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I substance having no "currently accepted medical use."

Big Pharma and the Liquor companies spend billions each year lobbying to keep cannabis illegal. Both want you spending your money on their drugs, not naturally occurring ones. Marinol (which is 100% pure THC) has been around since the 80's, is patented, and is now a Schedule III drug, whereas the naturally occurring form is Schedule I. This ensures the pharmaceutical company gets their cut of the $$

Citing this patent should stop the "medical marijuana is a myth" advocates dead in their tracks. They simply cannot argue with it. The US Government has a patent. The forces that would keep cannabis illegal are vocal and well funded, but they are not impervious to persistent effort. The lynch pin in the War on Drugs is cannabis. Without the suppression and interdiction of this popular and widely used substance, there simply would not be enough "illegal drug use" going on to justify the huge amount of money and resources spent.

Please, someone tell me how a government that kills or incarcerates those that dare to disagree while claiming one thing, while positioning itself to profit from the exact opposite can be legal or even moral? The government patent should be struck down as an illegally acquired property/intellectual right. The medical efficacy of Cannabis has been known by respected medical professionals for decades... and known literally centuries by other cultures. Yet the US Government continues to prohibit, under the guise of regulation, the scientific study of the cannabis plant all the while obtaining the patent for the cannabinoids.

There is another form of prohibition that is well past due to expire.

Because most people who use it illegally DON'T NEED IT, not only that it's most likely laced with something to increase volume if you get it from the streets. If you want the drug, do it legally, otherwise face the consequences. Plain and simple with no drama.

Exactly, lets talk about our modern day prohibition problems. Now there's a story to be told!

Cannabis, #1 food, fuel, medicine, and industrial fiber in the world, and it just so happens alot of people like it for recreational use as well.

Pickle your guts and your brains or relax with a medicinal, non-toxic herb?? Yet, they will throw you in jail just for planting a single seed. In court, medicinal users aren't even allowed to use medical facts and evidence in their own defense because the government refuses to acknowledge cannabis as a medicinal substance. This is completely ludicrous! How many states have legalized medicinal use? 15 states that I know of right now, and many more with bills on the table.

The law creates the very crimes and problems that it claimed to be preventing! With cannabis its 10 times as screwed up because of the laws. Alcohol is nothing more than a toxic substance while cannabis is a miracle plant that we should be utilizing for the good of the world and everyone in it.

The only thing I see standing in the way of ending prohibition are a bunch of misinformed and ignorant people with a strong moral agenda they want to shove down everyone's throats. To hell with evidence and all the collateral damage, they can't stand the thought of people smoking pot. It's Reefer Madness, only the madness is coming from those opposing cannabis.

There is just too much sound evidence that destroys everything they have other than their moral agenda. Since when is it right to legislate morality despite the mass casualties and harm that it causes? Didn't we learn that lesson from alcohol prohibition? What did Einstein say about insanity?

Marijuana will never be legalized in America. It would be nice, but it will never happen. Especially for recreational use. Every year there is always more and more petitions, and yet they all die.

It's odd too that so many people are ignorant to the true beauty of this plant. As mentioned countless times before, it provides a medicinal use in several ways, and in its self is a cash crop, not even for the 'high' effect. Clothing, oil, food etc. etc.
However the high that this plant produces is the most beautiful of all. It can help relax, and calm the mind, without any serious and negative effects. It's been proven that it's far safer than tobacco (Considering the 0% death rate, it's one of the safest illegal drugs one can partake in.) and the effects are much more pleasant than drinking alcohol.

When I smoke Marijuana, I enter a state of pure bliss, and pure introspection. It made me more logical and philosophical in my sober state of mind. I began to appreciate the world around me much more. Both Humans and Nature. Am I a criminal? Who am I hurting? It calms and relaxes me after a long stressful day. There is not much better than toking up with some friends with great tunes on. It opens people up, and brings people together in a way seen by close family members.

Sure the laws are getting much more lenient on less serious offenses, but this plant will never reach full a legal state. The people who will be in office have much "better" goals on mind, like going to war, being two-faced, and raping the Earth for these "precious" resources. This won't stop any of us from having a good time. I'd much rather live a free life, where I pick choose whats right and wrong, whatever those words even mean.

Cannabis is a plant, also known as Hemp. Hemp was used for thousands of years for paper and other useful products.
In the 30's Randolph Hearst felt Hemp would threaten his vast forest interest. So he bought off the Federal Government with the help of E I Dupont, who wanted nylon to replace Hemp, and made cannabis illegal. The first Drug Czar was Dupont's niece’s husband, Harry Anslinger. He fought to keep hemp illegal up to his retirement in the sixties.
He who holds the gold will make all the laws. Well America do you feel like you have been used?

Isn't it funny the same progressivist idealogy that wanted prohibition of alcohol and drugs. Now ARE the idealogy pushing drug legalization, in US and europe. The sixties were one of the epitomies of progressivism. Whenever they are pushed back from any of their social experiments at great cost of life money social cohesion whatever they become the loudest decriers of their very policies.

It's like they figured out a way to use it. People are more compliant when on marijuana, they are more willing to accept destitution of mind, body, country when they are on drugs or alcohol. hmm useful, I guess it does fit their idealogy after all. Marijuana gateway drug to "Change".

Read "The Emperor Wears No Clothes" by Jack Herer, it's very enlightening.

Nixon and Reagan are responsible for putting a stop to the legalization movement of the late 60's and early 70's, both are Republicans. In 1970 during the drafting of the Controlled Substances act, by law an extensive study had to be done regarding cannabis use. So they, launched the first ever in-depth study of cannabis use and abuse in the US.

It was called the Shafer Commission (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafer_Commission). After several years of study, they commission came back with the recommendation of legalization. Nixon wouldn't have it, saying he "couldn't afford to appear soft on drugs". And with that the first real hope of justice was smothered out, followed by a crusading Ronald Reagan who rallied the Christian Right to fight against drugs, spurring horribly ineffective programs like DARE. The Republicans have always been the continuing force of stupidity regarding effective drug policies. And the Democrats are too weak to do anything about it.

So, we keep poisoning our planet with fossil fuels, synthetic fibers and plastics, thousands of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, prescription drugs with horrible side effects, a national favorite drink which kills thousands of people every year, we make violent criminals super wealthy and powerful, we lock up and criminalize otherwise law abiding citizens, tear apart families and fill our prisons faster than they can build them. All for what?? So people can't get high? Really?

What will bring back the illegal distillation of alcohol is the proposed increase on taxes for hard liquor. You cannot separate the American people from their love of getting blind drunk for pennies on the dollar.

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www.anamericanlion.com/

I think that marijuana will eventually be legalized, and I feel that it should be. I smoked it in high school but never understood what everyone else saw in it. All it did for me is made me cough and turned my eyes red, but to each his own. Beer on the other hand, water, yeast, barley and hops, that’s what relaxes me after a hard day of working.

Unfortunatly, The law creates the very crimes and problems that it claimed to be preventing! With cannabis its 10 times as screwed up because of the laws. Alcohol is nothing more than a toxic substance while cannabis is a miracle plant that we should be utilizing for the good of the world and everyone in it.

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www.saine-alimentation.com/plan/

yeah alcohol is way more deadly and toxic than MJ. how many times of you heard of car accidents involving MJ users? almost rarely. but still it is illegal. one of the first cars used MJ oil to run.



June 2013: American Energy Independence

Five amazing, clean technologies that will set us free, in this month's energy-focused issue. Also: how to build a better bomb detector, the robotic toys that are raising your children, a human catapult, the world's smallest arcade, and much more.


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