Gray Matter
If a few ounces of quicklime mixed with water can make self-heating soup cans, we figured 500 pounds of it could create a self-heating hot tub

A Little Background Painted palm trees hide the windswept prairie behind the author’s house, small consolation when you’re wet in 10-degree weather.

To keep quicklime out of the hot chocolate, self-heating containers have a sealed inner canister. A button on the bottom breaks a foil seal, releasing a measured amount of water into the quicklime. Mike Walker

Self-heating soup sounds like something from the future: Push a button on the can, and three minutes later the contents are piping hot. But it’s widely available today, along with self-heating coffee and hot chocolate. In Japan, I even found self-heating sake. Pretty high-tech!

Or not. In fact, these products use a chemical reaction known since at least 4000 B.C.—the mixing of quicklime and water. When you roast limestone at about 1,650°F, it converts to quicklime, a powder used to disinfect corpses in war zones. Mix quicklime with water, and it grabs and binds the water molecules, releasing lots of energy in the form of heat. (The material left over, known as hydrated or slaked lime, is the basis of lime mortar, popular in the Roman empire and still used today.)

Soup is OK, but I decided to use the technology to make a self-heating hot tub. I dropped floating steel pots, each with 50 pounds of quicklime and four gallons of water, into a nine-foot stock tank. A few seconds after I added the water, the pots sputtered and spit (eye protection required) and released lots of steam, and the thin steel walls transmitted heat to the surrounding water.

By my calculations, 500 pounds of quicklime should release enough heat to raise 700 gallons of water from 60°F to 100°F, perfect hot-tub temperature. At least that’s the theory. We took these pictures in Illinois in the dead of winter, and I had to get in the water before we set off the heating reaction. So we cheated and filled the tub with hot water to start with. But there was plenty of heat coming off those pots!
On a smaller scale, I can testify that self-heating hot chocolate absolutely does work, which is great if you have to sit in a tub of water outdoors in 10°F weather.

Achtung! Don’t try this at home. Quicklime burns skin and eyes on contact, and the dust is extremely irritating. Water added to it can boil quickly and spray hot quicklime.

Like what you see? For more Gray Matter, and to subscribe to our Gray-Matter-only RSS feed click here. And for Theodore Gray's one-of-a-kind periodic table poster, head to periodictable.com/posters

Want to read more articles like this, plus tips and tricks, home hacks, DIY projects, and more? Subscribe to Popular Science today, for less than $1 per issue!

25 Comments

Wow - you should be ashamed of yourself - expending 500 pounds of valuable and expensive resources to prove the obvious. Yes; quicklime when mixed with water gives off heat - not exactly earth-shattering news. Yawn.

How much energy was consumed producing the 500 pounds of quicklime? How big of hole was left in its' place from which it was mined? Where are you going to dump it? How much fuel was consumed transporting the quicklime? How much energy was consumed to initially heat the water? How many SUV's were involved (looks like several from the video clip).

All for what, a photo op and a insignificant article that holds very little interest?

Give me a break. We are taking much more from the earth than that is sustainable, and this certainly does not help.

The point of the experiment was to demonstrate this principle on a large scale. While it is a valuable resource, having fun with it once won't hurt the environment. Its not like he's telling everyone to try this, thats what the video is for, or suggesting a step up to industrial scale. If we didn't try crazy things like this the world would be, a) a lot more boring, and b) a lot less advanced. People make discoveries by doing off the wall things.
Stop being so serious and go blow something up, it will do you good.

While extensive damage was not done from this so-called experiment it certainly did not help the environment either.

Yes if a little bit of quicklime heats your soup then logic supports that a lot of it could heat a pool. Any competent 3rd grader should be able to figure that out. Hell, if you had enough you could even boil off our oceans.

My point is if we want to survive as a species we need to stop wasting resources on pointless or trivial uses.

I think an article describing how to build a solar concentrator to heat his tub would have held a great deal more interest and would have been actually usable for future uses versus just dumping everything when the photo op was shot.

@3DTopo (using your own words)

Wow - you should be ashamed of yourself - expending millions of valuable and expensive electrons to state the obvious. Yes; producing and transporting quicklime requires energy - not exactly earth-shattering news. Yawn.

How much energy was consumed producing the computer you used? How big of hole was left in the place from which the raw materials for your computer were mined? Where are you going to dump it when you are finished using it? How much fuel was consumed transporting the computer to your home? How much energy was consumed to power the computer and deliver the internet connection to your home? How many miles per year to you put in via public or private transportation (both of which consume fossil fuels)?

All for what, a pointless comment and a insignificant opinion that holds very little interest?

Give me a break. We are are an inquisitive people and we learn things by doing experiments. Through 'silly' or 'wasteful' things like this, ideas are hatched. Ideas that may reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, save lives, increase productivity, or who knows what. Your insipid comments certainly do not help.

Leave the author alone. He is doing an interesting (even if only to himself, although I found it cool too) experiment that was so small as to be well below 'insignificant' in terms of its global impact.

You said in your second post that any competent 3rd grader should be able to figure this out. And 50 years ago, any competent 3rd grader would have told you that it was IMPOSSIBLE for people to travel to the moon. 100 years ago, any competent 3rd grader would have told you that if you traveled 500 miles per hour you would DIE! These 'facts' have been shattered by knowledge gained from people who did experiments, frequently ones that their peers of the day thought were 'pointless' or 'trivial'. I'm sure there were lots of people who complained to the queen when she 'wasted valuable resourses' on that lunatic Chris Columbus and his 'pointless' attempt to sail to Asia. I'm sure glad she didn't listen to the nay-sayers like you.

Thanks,

- James

Tex scrawled:
__How much energy was consumed producing the computer you used?__

Tex - the difference is my computer is actually useful, and I actually use it 12-16 hours per day, 365 days a year. My computer serves as a virtual office for two successful businesses. Considering it is two businesses, it leaves a tiny carbon footprint compared to say 2 mcdonalds or whatever.

This article on the other hand provides no tangible benefit to anyone.

BTW: I think Columbus was a greedy lunatic who spearheaded the genocide of People of an entire continent. He did not discover anything, natives beat him to by more than 20,000 years.

Take your political agenda, ranting, raving and otherwise useless prattle elsewhere. Its 500 pounds a quicklime, it isnt going to kill us.

Or are you one of those Ted Turner types? Will we all be cannibals because of an 8 degree increase?

By the way, have you checked how big the Earth is lately? How about how little 500 pounds of quicklime matters?

Headfoot wrote:
__By the way, have you checked how big the Earth is lately? How about how little 500 pounds of quicklime matters?__

Do you have any idea how much energy it takes to produce 500 pounds of quicklime?

The concrete industry uses an astounding 10% of the entire production of energy and only accounts for only 0.1% of the Gross National Income (GNI). The main use of that enormous amount of energy goes into production of quicklime and the energy use to income is grossly disproportionate to our entire economy.

500 pounds of quicklime would be enough for my concrete slab for my home that will be useful shelter for generations or it can used for heating a tub for a one time use for a photo op.

My only point is that this sort of behavior is very wasteful, and given the state of the environment, we cannot afford to waste anything. In addition the fact that everyone else commenting thinks it is not a big deal is exactly why I think this article is damaging.

Telling me to go elsewhere is not going to work - I am just entitled to post my point of view as you are. If you can't stand the heat then get out of the kitchen.

Thats not dangerous at all... Unless there is a leak, then he's screwed. What would you rather take, electricity heating your water, or chemicles that burn you when leaking....

Do you have any idea how much energy it takes to post comments complaining about other people?

How big is your "carbon footprint"? Do you drive an SUV or a Prius? Do you have solar panels on your house or are you still sucking everything from the grid? Do you drink bottled water or tap water? Do you have a compost pile or do you send everything to the landfill? Do you eat beef or are you a vegetarian? Do you have AC in your house or do you suffer through the heat? Do you use CFLs or do you use incandescents? Do you recycle all your aluminum cans or do you throw them out the window as you drive? Do you sit in front of your computer complaining about everyone else or do you actually practice what you preach?

Chemistry is fun, trying different things is what makes us human. Maybe you can try being human and try a different attitude.
Why don't you go complain about China, I'm sure they would set up a city-size quicklime water heating plant just to tick you off.

AGAIN, Stop being so serious and go blow something up, it will do you good.

No I don't have a SUV, my home is heated by geothermal (I have 155F water coming out of the ground) and I am working on a system to power my entire home and office from geothermal (and produce distilled water as a bonus), I don't use running water, I use a composting toilet, I have a compost pile, I have been raised as a vegetarian (and very rarely eat meat), I use LEDs, I recycle all my aluminum and glass on-site (in fact I bring home aluminum, copper and glass from the local dump) by a waste-vegetable powered furnace, I usually only work in front of my computer but this article upset me.

I am not perfect, but I do the best that I can.

Hm, ok, new idea. While you may not see it as cool, most of the rest of us do. What if this large scale reaction catches the interest of someone and they decide to learn more about it. Then the "useless" experiment has done something good, getting people interested in chemistry. And while it may end there, broadening people's minds is always a good thing. If someone had a bad chemistry teacher (very possible with the state of the public schools around here) then they may hate chemistry, but this could spark their curiosity.
Generally "cool" stuff, like fireworks, model rockets, and blowing stuff up, serve no end other than entertainment/enjoyment, that doesn't mean they are worthless, it just means their products can't be quantitatively measured.

Wow 3dtopo, You are a great human doing alot more for the earth than the rest of us, but that is not the point of this article. The point is to make science fun, so that more people get interested in it. Who would have invented your geothermal heater, LEDs , and your computer if the scientists/engineers that work on them, were not lured into their fields of science?
Show a kid (Grownup kids as well) an explosion, a large fire, or some other extreme force and you will grab their attention.
That's why you read this article, it grabbed your attention. If Mr. Grey was wasting quicklime on a daily basis for his own personal kicks, I would be on your side. Instead, he did it to get more people interested in chemistry. That person may just be the one that finds a helpful way to save the planet.

3dtopo for your information being a vegetarian hurts the environment due to the fact of cows depleting the ozone from methane also this guy is just having fun by doing this. of course anybody could see that this would work but if nobody tried to do things for the fun of it then we would have no tv, no radio, and no video games

ok peeple you can stop 'worrying' about the all the 'energy' used to do all of this. it had a purpose, and even though it might have used up (not wasted) some resources, it was just to expierement. for example, if we hadnt tried this, we might not have found out that (not that we did) 500lbs of quicklime turns into plasma, giving off massive amounts of c02.

I agree with falconerd, 3Dtopo really needs to go blow something up. just go buy some fireworks and have fun. thats what life is about. Having Fun.

This is absurd. 3Dtopo, I agree with you on this, it is absolutely ridiculous to waste that much lime to basically prove nothing. Entertainment value watching someone waddle around in a steaming tub? Zilt.

You know what, I have an idea. How about 'blowing up' an oil tanker and Having Some Fun? I would love to see what happens. Oh don't worry about the damage it'll cause. Not much harm to the environment. After all, it's only one tanker. Not like we spill oil on a regular basis.

Popsci can choose it's howtos better than this.

this is a cool experiment. hey the environment is cool and all, and must be protected, but we wouldnt have gone anywhere if people were worried about how worse off the environment would be if we built houses and powerplants and cars. stop nitpicking on small inconsequential things whilst you're happily driving you huge Hummer to work everyday and drinking your espresso

does anyone know how be a member longer than 16 hours

Hey Im only 13 and ive already come up with several uses for this chemical, so dont go off the deep end with bad comments about quicklime! If thats not enough the regular limestone that you use to landscape your garden isnt used in Quicklime. Besides the quicklime is reusable! Just heat to 965 degrees Celcius and the water is expelled!
I mean yah its great in all that you have geothermals right underneath your house, but what if we dont? Suck off the grid right? All im saying is that we've got to keep looking for alternatve energy even if the gas crisis is over.

Like I said, Im only thirteen!

OK, enough about the enviro-fighting.
Has anyone but me noticed that this experiment produced no results? Was there a thermometer anywhere in this video that would show us that he raised the water temperature in that tub one degree?
This is the equivalent of floating a candle in the bathtub, the heat that's generated is moving upwards, away from the water it's supposed to be heating. The can of self-heating milk chocolate has the heating element INSIDE the can, not on top of the drink.
I see something that looks like steam, I guess that's meant to show that the water is hot? Or is it from the pans where the reaction is taking place, or is is just limedust blowing in the wind?
Yeesh.

Stop being such a tree hugger 3dtopo

Nice thing

Extractor 1.4
-----------
www.emailextractor14.com/
www.emailextractor14.com/?page_id=121

The self-heating soup cans was just awesome! Adding up that great idea with the hot tub was really brilliant. having all these discoveries and innovations was a great contribution especially to the people living in cold places. Mountain climbers had benefited from the soup cans, and more even from this hot tubs. Quicklime were really great chemical compound that is widely used today. It can be used as environment remediation, for soil stabilization, mortar applications, plaster applications, restoration applications and whitewash applications. That were the reasons why quicklime had the worldwide demands for its supply in the market, it's great to know that we have this gift from nature.

The self-heating soup cans was just awesome! Adding up that great idea with the hot tub was really brilliant. having all these discoveries and innovations was a great contribution especially to the people living in cold places. Mountain climbers had benefited from the soup cans, and more even from this hot tubs. Quicklime were really great chemical compound that is widely used today. It can be used as environment remediation, for soil stabilization, mortar applications, plaster applications, restoration applications and whitewash applications. That were the reasons why quicklime had the worldwide demands for its supply in the market, it's great to know that we have this gift from nature.

[URL="http://asiaquicklimesupplier.com/"]Quicklime Suppliers[/URL]

The self-heating soup cans was just awesome! Adding up that great idea with the hot tub was really brilliant. having all these discoveries and innovations was a great contribution especially to the people living in cold places. Mountain climbers had benefited from the soup cans, and more even from this hot tubs. Quicklime were really great chemical compound that is widely used today. It can be used as environment remediation, for soil stabilization, mortar applications, plaster applications, restoration applications and whitewash applications. That were the reasons why quicklime had the worldwide demands for its supply in the market, it's great to know that we have this gift from nature.

Quicklime Suppliers

Popular Tags

Regular Features



June 2013: American Energy Independence

Five amazing, clean technologies that will set us free, in this month's energy-focused issue. Also: how to build a better bomb detector, the robotic toys that are raising your children, a human catapult, the world's smallest arcade, and much more.


Online Content Director: Suzanne LaBarre | Email
Senior Editor: Paul Adams | Email
Associate Editor: Dan Nosowitz | Email
Assistant Editor: Colin Lecher | Email
Assistant Editor: Rose Pastore | Email

Contributing Writers:
Rebecca Boyle | Email
Kelsey D. Atherton | Email
Francie Diep | Email
Shaunacy Ferro | Email

circ-top-header.gif
circ-cover.gif