No PCS An fMRI of an individual without a PCS. Jon Simons

Did you actually open the refrigerator a few minutes ago, or were you just thinking about it and imagined that you did? If you can remember correctly, you might have an extra fold in your brain.

A fold in the front brain called the paracingulate sulcus, or PCS, can apparently help people more accurately remember whether something was imagined or really happened, or which person actually said something. It's one of the final structural folds to develop before birth, and its size varies greatly in the general population, according to researchers at the University of Cambridge. People with the fold were significantly better at memory tasks than people without the fold, the researchers say.

The study, which was published in the Journal of Neuroscience, involved 53 healthy adult volunteers with no reported history of cognitive difficulties, according to a Cambridge news release. And everyone thought they had a good memory before the tests.

Participants were chosen based on MRI scans that showed a clear presence or absence of the PCS fold. Then they were presented with word pairs and half-pairs — like “Laurel and Hardy” or “Laurel and ?” In the second test, they were asked to imagine the other word, and then either they or the study leader actually said the word aloud.

Then they had a memory test, where they tried to remember whether they had actually seen the second word or just imagined it, and which person said the word out loud, Cambridge says. People with a PCS remembered correctly a lot more often.

This work has implications for some mental disorders like schizophrenia, in which the line between reality and imagination is unclear to the patient. In other studies, schizophrenic patients reportedly have had reduced PCS areas, according to Jon Simons of Cambridge’s Experimental Psychology department and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute.

What to do about this isn’t clear — because the fold happens so shortly before birth, it’s not something that can be physically changed. But understanding the PCS’ role in memory and reality perception could have some impact on drug treatments for mental disorders.

[University of Cambridge ]

16 Comments

I'm curious if this fold or a misfiring here could have any explanation for the feeling of deja vu.

I'm curious if this fold or a misfiring here could have any explanation for the feeling of deja vu,

Is this the last part of the brain to "wake-up" in the morning, because i can never remember if i've actually washed my hair in the shower, or if i've only imagined it.

I think I've read that comment before.

LOL @ James...ur a dude..always wash your hair

Only chicks are peculiar about this

During my first 5 years of life, I was sick constantly from an immature immune system. I had to be rush often to the hospital often. I had almost died countless times, repeatedly. During my stays in the hospital, my parents were not allowed to stay with me, odd huh? Eventual my immune system did mature and I out grew this problem. I often wonder in life how this changes me and perhaps my brain is wrinkled up like a piece of tin foil. I used to have dreams of falling often as a child and yes I hit the ground too in my dreams, and then wake up.

All that is a distant memory and seem to suffer no ill effects of it at all, still I am sure it had its effect on my development.

Life events, time and as it unfolds and yes folds effects us all I suppose.

My sister has an annoying habit of recalling things differently. She gets a scenario fixed in her head (occasionally, just often enough to notice) and it's a real pain trying to argue reality with someone.

But what I wonder is how this may affect the court of law. The reliability of witnesses is constantly called into question, and far too often witnesses recall extra details that their mind filled in (especially if the court date is months after the occurance). This isn't a science yet, just a correlation, but it'd be an interesting endorsment or disclaimer to know if a witness has a physilogical tendancy to not seperate real from imagined details.

I'm actually missing that fold...but it's okay. That's my SUPERPOWER!

mordrud,
LOL! Snort! You funny! ;)

@EggDropSoup there are studies that have been done that indicates that déjà vu is a defect in the brain where the images from one dominant eye gets transmitted ms faster than the other eye. So the brain sees the same image twice when you see something, triggering the thought that you’ve seen this before. Either that or it’s a glitch in the Matrix.

I wonder if the Absence of the fold could explain why some people see ghosts and/or divine entities. if its just a production of the dream side of the brain not being filtered by the fold.

Everyone is concerned about having or not having a fold in their brain. I think the more important question is why this person has a red dot in his brain. Am I the only one who sees the red dot? He should seriously get that looked at. Oh wait, they did take a picture.

is there a test that can tell me if i actually have that fold? and can i have more than 1 extra? incredible finding.

_________________
The people of the world only divide into two kinds, One sort with brains who hold no religion, The other with religion and no brain.

- Abu-al-Ala al-Marri

I always heard that fishers and wrinkles of the brain was a good thing and that the lower specifies of mammals have less of these.

Aldrons Last Hope,
I like you and admire you for your individuality. Please never change! I have notice an impostor acting as you, but please always continue in your own words and thoughts. Do not be preoccupied with icons or logins, should you find yourself in a banish place. I wish and hope and pray you always continue to voice your thoughts and feelings.

Why, simply.

I feel you are honest in your expression.

I'm wondering if there is a second fold similar to this which is linked to long term memory directly. I can do memory recall exercises for a few minutes and my recall is ok, but then it slips as I get bored with the exercises. In day to day scenarios my short term memory is quite poor, tell me something now and i'll have forgotten it very quickly.

However my long term memory is surprisingly good, even irritating to some (my girlfriend specifically). I can remember names, faces, numbers, events, facts, who said what when (including tone of speech) etc, sometimes with no recollection of how I learnt the information long after the event, when checked the information is correct and not imagined, so this fold is working.

So in summary tell me something today and ask me to repeat it in a month, no problem word for word, ask me to repeat it after 5 minutes, most likely wont have a clue.

Why is this?



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