One of IceCube's Digital Optical Modules NSF/University of Wisconsin

Imagine a telescope array that exceeds the height of the Empire State Building, the Chicago Sears Tower, and Shanghai's World Financial Center combined. That's what astronomers are piecing together about a mile beneath the ice at the South Pole. But this telescope isn't aimed at the sky -- it points to the center of the Earth.

The IceCube telescope, developed at the University of Wisconsin with funding from the National Science Foundation, will search for neutrinos generated by the most violent cataclysms in the universe, such as gamma ray bursts, supernova explosions, and other events involving black holes. The neutrinos could hold the key to understanding the origin and physical processes of the highest energy particles in nature.

Neutrinos are neutrally charged subatomic particles that are emitted when neutrons transform into protons in nuclear reactions. They travel at close to the speed of light in straight lines from their source and are so small they can pass through solid matter almost undisturbed. But this same trait makes them extremely difficult to detect. Scientists have been looking at doing astronomy studies using neutrinos since the 1950s, but the challenge has been the technology needed to build a a sufficiently sized observatory -- detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos.

IceCube is being engineered under the ice by deploying thousands of spherical sensors called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs). Using a hot water drill, the DOMs are inserted into holes melted into the ice on "strings" of 60 modules each at depths of 4,700-8,000 feet. It takes about 11 hours to deploy one string of 60 DOMs, with about 200,000 gallons of ice being melted for each hole drilled. IceCube detects the blue light from the nuclear reaction initiated by the direct strike of a neutrino on an atom of ice, and each DOM will have a computer that relays digital data to the surface.

Building the IceCube telescope under the Antarctic ice will protect the detector from cosmic rays and other background radiation. Once the detectors are frozen in the ice, they will remain there for about 25,000 years -- the estimated time it will take for that section of the ice to migrate to the Antarctic coast. Although the research team can tweak operations by sending electronic signals to the sensors, no maintenance is possible once they are deployed in the ice.

Scientists believe that most of the neutrinos floating around originated about 15 billion years ago, shortly after the birth of the universe. They also theorize that there are now so many neutrinos that they constitute a cosmic background radiation, believed to be the "afterglow" of the Big Bang. New neutrinos are also being produced from nuclear power stations, particle accelerators, nuclear bombs, general atmospheric phenomena, and supernova explosions.

IceCube could be a powerful tool to search for dark matter in the universe -- matter that is presumed to exist based on its gravitational effects on visible matter. Astronomers theorize that dark matter makes up 80 percent of matter in the universe.

This week, EE Times interviewed Albrecht Karle, a Wisconsin physics professor who is working on the project.

The telescope array is about 95 percent constructed, with completion scheduled for 2011 at a total cost of $271 million.

20 Comments

"with about 200,000 gallons of ice being melted for each hole drilled. "

By my math, that is about 1.6 million pounds which would make a cube about 30 feet on each side.

"by deploying thousands of spherical sensors"

So that is alittle vague, but I'd take it to mean atleast 2000 and less than 20000 [multiple thousands, but not multiple tens of thousands]. Divide that by 60 modules per string and we have a range of about 30 to 300 holes drilled.

Make them into one giant cube and then you're talking about a range of a cube 90 to 200 feet on each side!

Aren't the poles melting fast enough on their own that we don't need to help any further?

rosen380, assuming that Antarctica has ice a half mile deep across its entire surface, that would be .00000000242% of the ice in Antarctica.

Also, I'm guessing they're not taking the water with them. I would imagine it's going right back on/in the ground where it will turn back into....ICE!

i wonder what will power it..

rosen380, you ask Aren't the poles melting fast enough on their own that we don't need to help any further?

The antarctic has been increasing snow and ice for decades, not decreasing. Perhaps you should check it out; it's well-known.

Pretty cool! ( OOPS, I didn't mean to pun. )

BUT... what are you going to do to keep the shoggoths at bay?

"Once the detectors are frozen in the ice, they will remain there for about 25,000 years -- the estimated time it will take for that section of the ice to migrate to the Antarctic coast."
Really? Twenty-five thousand years? Does Al Gore know this? His PPT show had all the Antarctic ice melted by next Thursday.

Would frozen heavy water fluoresce like liquid heavy water detectors? A 60 element array could triangulate submarine reactor locations. A large planet like Jupiter could act as a neutrino focusing refractor if it lined up with our detectors.

Amazing!! it would have been better if they had aimed it at the sky to unravel the mystery of this Universe and gather information about the distant galaxies.
Force Factor

lololol, alien races will find the remains of our internet and judge it a failed species' receptacle of stupidity. Reference the above 'comments' as evidence.

"Aim it at the sky".... It's a NEUTRINO DETECTOR.

Nvm.... sigh.

If those particles are so old and penetrating everywhere in strait lines, how can they separate them, when they were generated. Most likely, only large concentration sources can be detected. It would be interesting, if some patterns could be distinguished from noise, carrying signatures from sources. Since those patterns would be geometric, it would be a good tool to extract some empiric data, like distances and shapes and if they come in waves, interference patterns should also appear.
What would happen if neutrinos would pass trough a mesh of laser beams, light should curve, change polarization or something and what if those beams would be replaced with field of entangled particles, any change should be detected momentarily?
I find it strange those droplets of mass flying away from neutrons, transforming into protons, like for every transformation of matter, some crackles remain in space.
Is it possible to see some kind of simulation of neutrino space and then subtract it from visible universe picture?
Thinking about it, they could replace mirrors in telescopes with super cooled, homogenius condensate, where light would be slowed down and trapped, then thousands of microscopes would be focused on it, pictures enlarged and merged in computer, with microwave background subtracted from it. Imagine, how far and what would we see with such a device.

neutrino doesnt need to be pointed any were. hell we dont even know were they come from they just appere randomly

It's a shame that the resources used for this experiment aren't applied to real problems like feeding the hungry, curing disease and repairing Congress.

HA! Fixing Congress.. Thats a good one.

The Real Problem??!!
Look here my dear friend...hunger, curing diseases, repairing congress and all the other money and power hungry governing systems are impossible to repair unless we all become Spiritual, not Spiritful! PERIOD!
But being Full Of Spirit is when you're in your "House Of Worship"! (if you ever attend one)
True spirituality you demonstrate outside your H.O.W!
The "REAL PROBLEM" is that we still haven't done enough to discover and thus accept the stuff we need to make our lives completely complete. Not Perfect! Because Nothing Is Perfect! So far : )
I'm sure that if we'd spend more money, attention or whatever we want to spend, on Scientific Research we could then live longer, if not eternal, without hunger and diseases and on top of that we'd ultimately wouldn't need any Congress! EVER!
We can even be better than all our past Prophets. (read the Holy Scriptures) If we'd only really believe and completely understand their wisdom! I believe WE need new ones (prophets) Yes Scientific Ones! Ohw Yes! or Halleluyah!, whichever expression you personally favor : )
And if in the end you can't fix it? Just Change It! ALL! : )
In Science I Trust! GOOD JOB ICE CUBE! GOD BLESS YOU!
Peace! from Stv

"...by the direct strike of a neutrino on an atom of ice..."
An atom of ice? It must be a complete new kind of chemistry they are inventing there!

Great!! this is gonna help in unraveling the mystery of this universe.Pro Cleanse Gold

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aren't neutrinos random occurrences, 270 million dollars. I wonder what world helping causes we could use this for, i feel like this isnt one of them.

anyway hope ya'll dont mind me adding an inlink here,

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