
Beryllium, a relatively rare, light element, is formed by collisions of carbon and oxygen atoms in the space between stars. Sometimes, this interstellar billiard action will break up atomic nuclei into the lighter elements lithium, beryllium, and boron. On Earth, beryllium is found inside emeralds; it's produced for industrial use through chemical reactions. The JWST team chose beryllium primarily because it remains stable even at incredibly cold temperatures. The mirrors will be coated with gold to increase their infrared capability.
The first few segments just finished an arduous cold-testing process at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. After chilling the segments to -414 degrees Fahrenheit using a helium-cooled vacuum chamber, engineers examined the pieces to determine how they changed shape.
"It's a different shape when it's at a very, very cold temperature -- but that's the shape that matters," Decker said.
Engineers mess with the mirrors a tiny bit to make them correctly shaped in the cold -- meaning they will be ever-so-slightly warped at room temperature.
Uh-oh. A warped mirror on a space telescope?
Texter said not to worry. Hubble's famous mirror flaw came from misshapen measuring tools, and what's more, the decision was made not to test that telescope as a whole before sending it into orbit.
"That decision was a bad decision. But we're not doing that on this telescope. We're doing multiple end-to-end tests," Texter said.
Incidentally, the corrective mirror that fixed Hubble's eyesight will be removed next week as part of a facelift that should allow the telescope to continue sending cosmic postcards home for another five years, enough time to overlap with JWST. But no matter how many surgeries it's had, Hubble won't compare to its younger kin.
Hubble is designed to look at relatively close objects. But the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate -- the farther away objects are, the more quickly they are receding from us. And for many reasons, those are the objects we'd most like to study.The light from those objects has been stretched into the infrared part of the light spectrum, a phenomenon known as red-shifting. Webb is designed to see infrared light much more clearly than Hubble. It will see light that left its source about 12 billion years ago, the "springtime of the universe," when the very first clumps of stars started forming the earliest dwarf galaxies.
Texter compared it to paleontology.
"Paleontologists dig down into the ground, and the deeper they dig, the further they go back in time. Astronomy is kind of like that. The further you look, the further back they are," he said. "The state of astronomy today is that we have a pretty good understanding of how the universe has evolved within the last 5-ish billion years, and ironically, we actually have a pretty good understanding of how the universe came to be ... but we don't have a very good idea for how things evolved from the moment of the Big Bang and more recent history. That's the mission of James Webb, to bridge that gap in our understanding of the very beginning."
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If it's 1 million miles away from earth, what is this going to orbit around?
from Orono, Ontario
1 million miles isn't that far, but your kinda right, its not going to be orbiting per se, it will be in the earth sun Lagrangian point L2, where it will be kept in place in the same location in respect to the sun and the earth, by the gravity from the earth and sun. this puts the satellite behind the earth if looking inwards towards the sun.
also what i think about this is they need something way better than this to see what we need to see, something like a few hundred meter wide mirror, maybe on the moon? once we eventually have a moon base, this is something they should aim for to utilize the low gravity and no atmosphere and plenty resources, if they can figure how to use it, this could also be used as giant solar power collector when the sun is shining stopping the usability of it as a telescope
from Orono, Ontario
oh and they could make it out of a crater, just find one with a good shape, change it a bit to concentrate the light where you want it, and coat it with something to get a mirror surface. If it was only that simple
I could be mistaken but positioning the telescope one million miles from earth might make servicing missions a little difficult to accomplish. One could conclude that those who are engaged in designing and building the telescope assume that it will work as intended without the need for hands-on tinkering.
I have had fun playing with some Hubble images. Although my original intent was simply to intensify image detail, I got a little carried away with distortion filters. www.flickr.com/photos/rightlightphotos/
from Elon, NC
Does anyone else almost weep at the beauty of this kind of engineering marvel?
What will those from the future consider our great works? I doubt any modern art, music or literature will make it, but hope that our engineering marvels are recognized as the best that Homo sapiens could do. More like Roman aqueducts than stone spear heads.
Wow - a million miles from earth. Cool. Great article! Hey Editor - how come we can't get articles like this in the print magazine. I really enjoy a relaxing night watching TV but mostly I am perusing the latest magazine from pop sci. Much better than reading it on my iPod
I like the idea of a permanent base on our moon where we could set up a permanent observatory. That would be awesome.
:) Actually, the Bible clearly teaches that the heavens and the earth are right around 6,000 years old... not billions and millions of years. God created Adam as a fully grown man, and He also created all of nature in the same manner. :) Some like to "have faith" that everything was packed into virtually nothing, that it exploded, and from that explosion everything randomly fell into place as it... But others have the right faith that God just created it.
The book of Genesis was written by Moses, who did not actually witness any of the creation events. The idea of devine authorship states that every biblical author was given divine inspiration. With this in mind, the book is written by a man who didn't see what happened, inspired by a divine being who we do not fully understand. No one knows if the "day" mentioned in the creation account refers to 24 hours or 2 billion years.
From my understanding, according to the Big Bang Theory, the first periods of light and darkness were each approximately 1-2 billion years in length.
"There was darkness and light, the first day."
There is nothing clear about it.
It's not exactly a replacement for Hubble JWST is an infrared telescope.
Hubble is mostly visible light and near UV.
L.David Korkia
Is Gold being used because of its metamaterial characterstics with respect to light ? The European Space Agency is getting ready to launch a space telescope that uses silicon carbide. Is the difference in meta-material use due to the size of the telecope lens since the ESA mirror will only be 2 meters wide ?
First - am I the only one who is disturbed that the Hubble is now obsolete? I mean yeah - it's 2009 - Hubble was sent up 20 years ago! Okay I'm getting old.
Second - This is fantastic and incredibly exciting. Where will we be in 20 more years. Perhaps 10 million miles...perhaps just beyond Pluto. What will that do for us...
It's a shame we can't put more of these types of platforms in space "commercially". Would love to see how that would transition space.
To: ultraphotosonic
Re: here's a quarter. if you don't know what to do with it, you should.
this is a S-C-I-E-N-C-E forum, not mythology. if you disagree with the basic premise, then why are you bothering to read the articles? and don't you dare tell me or anyone else how to believe in or pratice the religion of our choice. i am a devoute christian who happens to believe that creationism explains who and why, science explains how. people like you, whom i laughingly refer to as religiously idiotic, have got a lot of gall telling everyone else that only Y-O-U have the "correct" faith, and that the rest of the world is deluded.
YOU, however, are nothing more than a rather small and un-funny punchline. good-day, sir!.......isaidgood-day!!!
Lol, I agree with cowboy82.
At this crisis condition, NASA still can make an amazing "event"... Congratulation!!
WWB
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http://www.prirodnjackimuzej.org/
Good luck to NASA and the James Webb Space Telescope, I say. Hubble showed some great images, let's hope JWST can go even better.
Michael O'Hare
http://www.citiesforpeople.net
The best I have seen from NASA is the Hubble space telescope and the mars rover. It would also been good to have an orbital probes in fixable formats orbiting each of the planets. Now THATS THE RIGHT STUFF!
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NASA never stopped to amaze me. I do believe that one day mankind can live on Mars
I love it when there is a little arguments like in the comments above. If I may add my grain of salt, the hubble is supposed to be obsolete after 2 decades. In fact the technology of 20 years ago is obsolete for the most part is it not? So what about the Bible with whatever statements in it? At around 2000 years old, is it not obsolete?
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We must wait a very long time until it touch something new in this huge university.
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http://a1article.co.cc
I love the space very much, I wish that I can go to space one time.
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