Feature
Will we grow babies outside their mothers' bodies?

Liu, 63, is a short woman with full cheeks, a rounded middle and smooth, unlined skin who bustles along the corridors of her lab like a cartoon teapot. She is, by any measure, maternal, with two grown sons. Twenty-one years ago, Liu, then an assistant professor, joined the first team in the U.S. to have produced a test-tube baby. Now she and her partners can boast an enviable success rate. In the past several years, about 40 percent of the couples that came to her group conceived, and in 2004, the center’s 10,000th IVF baby was born.

Her artificial-womb work was a natural outgrowth of the IVF efforts and is motivated by the same ache. “I see so many women who want their own baby so badly,” she says. Among them are women whose embryos have failed to take hold and grow and who might benefit from her current research.

Liu’s artificial womb is a surprisingly simple construction. She created it after researching the making of artificial skin and adapting those methods. First she and her co-workers mold a base, a womb-shaped matrix of collagen and chondroitin, substances that are biodegradable. Over time, they dissolve, leaving only the endometrial tissue that is placed over the matrix. Each womb is shaped like a section of the mammalian version it mimics: The artificial human mold is bowl-shaped; the faux mouse womb is a doughnut-shaped section of a mouse’s tubular uterus.

In the beginning, Liu used endometrial cells donated by some of the clinic’s female patients to grow human tissue. Then she added human embryos left over from IVF treatments, donated by other patients. These zygotes implanted and started to grow. But after they had gestated for 10 days, Liu ended the experiments, well short of viability. Under current federal regulations, two weeks is the limit for human fetal growth in the lab. “So we switched to an animal model,” Liu says with a shrug. In 2002 she and her colleagues started making mouse wombs and growing mouse embryos inside them.

In outline, the gestation process seems straightforward. Sperm and egg meet. An embryo implants. Between them, mother and baby build a placenta and an amniotic sac. Fluid builds up around the growing embryo. Hormones move in and out. Nutrition, blood and oxygen pass through the placenta. Waste products are removed. There’s a gentle hum of maternal heartbeat and digestion. It’s like a well-modulated, high-end aquarium.

Except, of course, that it’s not. The actual sequence of events is exceedingly intricate. Miss one minor step, delete a gene expression, add a dribble too much or too little of a single hormone, and you’ll wind up with a baby who is dead or monstrous or, in what may be a blessing, both.

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8 Comments

For years I had trouble conceiving a child. Finally put on fertility drugs, I was pregnant! Twice I lost my babies at 51/2 months. No reason was ever found. If I could have only transferred them to an artificial womb.....
I often thought about this at that time. You would think that with our technology today, it would already be in use. Instead, we use our technology for wars and eliminating the human race rather than creating life.
I finally conceived and had one son, with a miscarriage again after that. I always wanted at least a few children and thought that I would be a great mom and although it is not easy, Iam at least grateful to have had one.
My son is twenty now and has left home. I often long to have had more children as I now feel most useless as I wanted motherhood to be my chosen profession.
I do know that the development of an artificial womb would benefit many childless couples yearning to be parents....................I would like to see this developed in my lifetime.

This Technology is not meant to be used for humans. Not to offend anyone but this is risky not to mention unnatural and can lead to some very bad things. Just think what will start to happen when a teenager gets pregnant and abandons the baby in a womb. Also you should consider how this will psychologically affect your "baby" adoted kids often have problems imagine a child learning there machine born.

This technology is quite incredible. Although I hope it's never used main stream, it would be sweet for preventing stretch marks from forming during pregnancy!

- Amanda
http://www.stretch-marks.me/

The best application for the artificial womb is to end the abortion issue. Any female who is impregnated can have her fertilized egg or embryo removed and placed in an artificial womb. In the future all fetuses will develop in an artificial womb, just like they do it in Heaven, no more birth defects, generational diseases, every sort of disease passed through heritary genetics, and this is how we become immortal, like God, just as the Bible says.

Hereditary genetics

If artificial womb technology & embryonic transfer were available as easily as abortion, can you imagine what that would mean for the women who are stuck with an unwanted pregnancy & most of all for the innocent unborn child? A woman could go into a clinic, have the baby extracted live from her womb & either placed in the womb of the new adopted mother or put in an artificial womb to mature into a full-term baby & then be adopted by new parents who want the child. No more horrible choices for women or couples who want to remain childless or not have a child at that particular time & more importantly for the child who is at the mercy of the grown-ups around it. We need to let our medical researchers know that we desperately need this new technology. - PLEASE!

it might be good or bad... parents think ( mainly moms) that it was worth the hard work for the baby. but parents may think the same way but not as much( with artifisial womb). i mean a mother thinks after 20 years than you can't believe that thing came out of your stomach. good because no pain. so lack of pain may be good or bad......

Stop giving us this shit!
"Or not. Days after cheerfully percolating, Liu’s rodent fetus died, deformed and contorted, more seahorse than mouse, a developmental freak. The same thing happened to the next fetus she implanted, and the one after that"------
these embryos were actually bad (malformed, clinically)mouse embryos hung--ching liu and one of her co-workers collected from normal mouse breedings, not from what she called "artifial womb at all. Malformed embryos happen spontenously ever by nature breeding. She made up this story.

"In 2003, in an experiment that hasn’t received as much attention as one might expect—perhaps because Liu hasn’t published her results, due to her qualms about how those results will be received by politicians, activists and desperate would-be parents—a mouse embryo grew almost to full term in one of Liu’s artificial wombs."------she was shitting again! she dare not to publish it at all because anybody with a litte scientific background won't believe it. Technically, up to date, it is impossible to raise a whole organ outside human body , let alone an embryo(with eyes, head and arms) on dish or in test tubes. Hung-ching liu and her coworker fabricated all of this and also claimed her techinque was not perfect to produce "perfect" embryos,trying to make her story look more "real".
We really hope Popsc improve your quality by interviewing some reputable scientists for readers. Stop misleading this society! In fact, almost all of Hung-ching Liu's papers co-authored with the same coworker are under scrutiny for fabrication, data manipulation and exaggeration. It is a shame that institute still keep a liar like HCLiu.



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