[{"totalItems":"33,295","totalPages":11099,"currentPage":0,"items":[{"id":"phhg4e\/node\/236580","site":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/","hash":"phhg4e","entity_id":236580,"entity_type":"node","bundle":"basic_content","bundle_name":"Basic content","ss_language":"und","path":"node\/236580","url":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/air-traffic-control-training-emergencies","path_alias":"air-traffic-control-training-emergencies","label":"Air traffic controller training makes emergencies seem ordinary","content":" Preparation, organization, and team work help navigate a crisis. Not all air traffic controllers work in towers. Deposit Photos Air traffic controllers are professionally unruffled. \u201cThey try to help pilots in emergency situations in their thought process,\u201d says Jerry Wolfe, a professor in aviation technology at Green River College in Washington state. \u201cIf the controller can stay calm, there\u2019s a greater likelihood the pilot on the other end will remain calm as well.\u201d On the evening of Aug. 10, the world heard proof of this process almost in real time, as an air traffic controller near Seattle-Tacoma International Airport attempted to guide ground service agent Richard Russell after he stole a Bombadier Dash 8-Q400 belonging to Horizon Air. Fortunately, the 76-seat twin-engine turboprop was empty. Radio recordings of Russell\u2019s communications with the air traffic control center went viral on Twitter and have since been shared selectively by the press. They paint a troublesome portrait of a man in crisis. (Russell died in a crash after more than an hour in the air. No one else appears to have been injured.) But, on the other end, they revealed a consummate professional, identified in the tapes only as \u201cAndrew,\u201d who deftly managed the situation from an air traffic control center on the ground. While the Horizon Air incident is still under investigation by the FBI, outside air traffic control experts say it was all in a day\u2019s work. \u201cI don\u2019t think it\u2019s much of an outlier,\u201d Sharon LaRue, a professor in aviation technology at the University of Alaska at Anchorage, says of the Horizon Air controller\u2019s response. \u201cBut that doesn\u2019t mean it wasn\u2019t extraordinary.\u201d Not every situation is handled so sure-handedly, she adds, but air traffic controllers have one thing on their side: extensive training. Planes aren't easy to get off the ground. The FBI investigation of the Horizon Air incident continues. Deposit Photos Before they can get into the control room, every air traffic expert must first complete the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, which stretches anywhere from two to five months. But the path to the academy varies widely, according to LaRue. Some controllers are recruited directly by the FAA. Others have prior experience through the U.S. military. And about half go through one of the 30-odd aviation technology programs to prepare, like those at Green River College and the University of Alaska. Wolfe, from Green River, says the most promising candidates display good decision-making and data analysis skills. \u201cAnd at the same time, you need to have a temperament that allows you to be flexible enough to make changes along the way,\u201d Wolfe says. Classroom discussions of real and hypothetical scenarios, and simulated traffic labs help further refine these skills over the course of the program. A passenger with a medical condition that demands an emergency landing, icing on the aircraft, and traffic conflicts all \u201cconstitute an emergency that requires some quick thinking,\u201d according to Wolfe, but they become routine with enough training. \u201cPerhaps the closest thing to [the Horizon Air incident] would be something where there\u2019s a compromised pilot,\u201d he says. Whether it\u2019s health issues like hypoxia from a loss of cabin pressure, or a hijack situation, \u201call of those are scenarios that can be and are practiced.\u201d Even on a normal day, guiding aircrafts safely to their destinations requires an elaborate song and dance involving no less than three kinds of air traffic controllers. From the tarmac to the point of departure, planes are guided by an airport\u2019s air traffic control tower. After that, Terminal Radar Approach Control or TRACON, takes over, helping pilots navigate the busiest part of the airspace, which stretches anywhere from 20 to 100 miles around an airport. And phase three is the domain of the en route controllers, who help planes once they\u2019ve reached altitude. When it comes time to land, the entire process is executed in reverse. That's why training continues even after controllers graduate from the FAA Academy. Depending on the size of the airport or control center, controllers receive an additional one to three years of on-the-job training, according to LaRue. And once they're ready to work cases on their own, they\u2019re never truly alone. \u201cA big focus on aviation is in teamwork,\u201d LaRue says. \u201cThat controller [in the Horizon Air incident] did an amazing job, but there were other people there helping.\u201d In a high-trafficked area, a single center can have 300 to 400 controllers. Every flight has a point person on the ground, but controllers are managed by seasoned supervisors. If someone has expertise with a particular plane or problem, they\u2019ll provide technical assistance to the controller. And when crisis hits, controllers will cover their coworker's other responsibilities, ensuring the point person can focus exclusively on the problem at hand. \u201cThere\u2019s a big fraternity in the sky,\u201d LaRue says. Even the most experienced air traffic controller could be undermined by runaway emotions. That\u2019s where self-control comes into play, says Alex Cisneros, an air traffic controller at Southern California TRACON and a facility representative for the National Air Traffic Controllers Association. \u201cWe try to have a little muscle memory there to accomplish the task,\u201d he says. \u201cBut what I find myself doing is, I just take a deep breath.\u201d LaRue, for her part, talks to students about how they\u2019re taking care of their overall health. Good nutrition and a regular exercise regimen are among the ingredients for success in such a high-stress career. \u201cWhat happened last week was not anything anyone has ever trained on,\u201d La Rue says of the Horizon Air incident. \u201cI know when something like that goes on, you\u2019re probably not confident and calm, but you have to train yourself to sound that way,\u201d LaRue says. \u201cYou work the problem.\u201d To contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, call 800-273-8255. 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Deposit Photos Air traffic controllers are professionally unruffled. \u201cThey try to help pilots in emergency situations in their thought process,\u201d says Jerry Wolfe, a professor in aviation","ss_name":"eleanorcummins","tos_name":"eleanorcummins","ss_name_formatted":"eleanorcummins","tos_name_formatted":"eleanorcummins","is_uid":1658,"bs_status":true,"bs_sticky":false,"bs_promote":true,"is_tnid":0,"bs_translate":false,"ds_created":"2018-08-14T17:32:11Z","ds_changed":"2018-08-14T18:47:11Z","ds_last_comment_or_change":"2018-08-14T18:47:11Z","bs_field_sponsored":false,"bs_field_display_social":true,"bs_field_custom_page":false,"bs_field_feed_builder_exclusion":false,"bs_field_display_author_bio":true,"bs_field_display_bottom_recirc":true,"bs_use_sir_trevor_body":true,"bs_field_flag_gallery":false,"bs_field_flag_video":false,"bs_field_display_off_ramp":true,"bs_in_nps":false,"bs_use_sir_trevor_custom_page":true,"bs_field_x90_hide":false,"bs_field_last_updated":false,"bs_field_exclude_from_cl":false,"bs_field_exclude_third_parties":false,"ts_bonnier_summary":"