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Pyrotechnics that produce shapes, be they faces or hearts, come from a single shell that contains multiple flares. But because there’s no telling which way a shell might face when it explodes, designs can wind up backward or sideways. Not the best plan for words or details.

In Development

Simulation software, such as Finale Fireworks, allows designers to draw almost anything on the sky by coordinating the flight of dozens of lights at once. The programs control each mortar’s angle and target altitude, and signal the launch of complex designs.

This article originally appeared in the July 2014 issue of Popular Science.