Sorry, vinyl aficionados, but CDs most accurately capture the clarity of musical performances. If you look at the grooves of a standard long-play record, or LP, through a microscope, you’ll see that each is filled with what look like rolling hills. These are, in fact, an extremely close replication of the shape of the sound waves from the musician’s instrument. But because the needle that carves the groove is shaped slightly different than the needle that reads it, the LP will never sound exactly like the original performance.
Commercial CDs may be plagued with all kinds of problems, but those problems aren't inherent to the medium itself...they're a result of the way those CDs are produced (and, more specifically, mastered, for the most part at least). As far as the math is concerned, with only 44.1 samples per waveform "not looking so good"...it doesn't matter how good that looks, because that's more than enough to perfectly reproduce the signal captured. Same with the 4.41 samples per cycle at 10kHz, etc...it may not appear logically that that's enough, but it's actually more than enough, and that was proven decades ago. Even though the filters used in today's converters aren't perfect, digital recording today is still more accurate than analog recording ever was. Sure, whether analog recording sounds "better" is open to debate, but accuracy is not.
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