Using Graphene Foam to Detect Gases RPI

Nanotechnology as a discipline is bleeding-edge cool, but so often we hear more about its amazing potential than its practical application. So it’s always refreshing to catch wind of a story like this: Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York have developed and demonstrated a small, relatively inexpensive, and reusable sensor made of graphene foam that far outperforms commercial gas sensors on the market today and could lead to better explosives detectors and environmental sensors in the very near future.

The new sensor dispenses with a lot of the limitations that have been holding back sensors in this space. In the last several years, many strides have been made in the science of manipulating nanostructures to be excellent detectors of very fine trace elements of chemicals on the air. But these sensors, while great in theory, are impractical in actual service.

Current sensor designs are complex, often relying on an individual nanostructure that must be carefully manipulated and even more carefully analyzed. They are often not reusable and must be deployed at specific temperatures or pressures, making a handheld sensor device unreliable, very expensive, and impossible to use repeatedly.

Enter graphene foam. The new postage-stamp-sized sensor developed at RPI involves growing graphene--one-atom-thick layers of carbon--on a structure of nickel foam. Removing that nickel foam leaves behind a structure of foam-like graphene with unique electrical properties that can be tuned to the task of sensing.

When exposed to air, particles adsorb to the foam’s surface. And each of these particles affects the graphene foam in a different way, slightly modifying its electrical resistance. Run a current through it, and a measurement of the change in resistance tells a you what’s sticking to the foam. Moreover, by running a roughy 100-milliampere current through the foam the RPI team found they could cause the particles to desorb--that is, they unattached themselves from the sensor, cleansing it so it can be used again and again.

Tweaked to detect ammonia (a key ingredient in homemade explosive ammonium nitrate--think: fertilizer bombs), the graphene foam sensor managed to detect the offending particle at just 1,000 parts-per-million in just five-to-10 minutes--making it ten times more effective than the best detectors on the market today. A second demo involving nitrogen dioxide (another trace element given off by explosives as they degrade) showed nearly identical results--effective at 100 parts-per-million, or ten times better than current commercial sensors.

Given that graphene foam is fairly easy to handle and manipulate given its larger size and room-temperature-ready performance, that’s pretty remarkable. It also drastically lowers the barrier to a practical handheld devices for atmospheric sensing. See more straight from the source in the vid below.

11 Comments

I call firsties!!!!

" Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind." Albert Einstein

If the inventor of this Graphene in his pride post a lot of on his wall to show off, is he in effect posting

Graphene-itty?

.............................
Science sees no further than what it can sense.
Religion sees beyond the senses.

So kinda like the trick to dissolve a pennies guts.

@Starchild_1 I have no annoyances with firsties, just at least say something relevant. btw, like your phrases Starchild and Robot.

xalar,
I wish to be on your side. I want you to have free speech and say all you want about the topic. Perhaps as you notice the topic you are scientific, or emotional and personal, maybe you have some humor, but still you write about the topic and add your view. I want you to have free speech! Maybe being firsties is boring funny and typical funny, but it is still of the topic and yes lame.

I do not like those who attack other or argue with the color of the air, just to argue for the sake of arguing and annoyance.

I do appreciate tolerance of an opinion that is completely at odds with others and just responds with healthy respectful rebuttals.

Do you really not like humor of any kind? I am curious. Maybe you do not like our humor and so it goes, but in our hearts, our intentions are good and we wish to make a smile!

Always remember as you complain to limit others free speech, in the long run, you limit your own too.

.............................
Science sees no further than what it can sense.
Religion sees beyond the senses.

@robot I think I might have miss-said something. I really like and appreciate your phrases.

I've seen black foam before, and it looks just like it. Does it come in other colors? I recall people plastering gold with a certain wavelength to change it's color(I thought it was on popsci but I cant find it.).

BraverThought

from aurora, co

So could you put this in cell phones, and could it detect smoke?

@Robot

Haha it's pretty clear that Xalar's comment towards you was a compliment.

I'm curious to other applications this graphene foam could detect. My thoughts wonder to if it could detect trace amounts of nuclear material? I know we have Geiger counters and all, but if I was head of the UN inspection team for Atomic matters...I would be interested in this foam structure. Could we trace particles that were several miles away...say if we where at the border to Iran? I go with the direct question...could this be used to better find out what Iran is doing with their nuclear program?? Right now its 50/50 on whether they have weapons grade material or not. I see the ongoing rhetoric that politicians are making towards the possible strike on Iran...I'm having feelings of 2001 and the Weapons of Mass Destruction that WAS suppose to be in Iraq. I really don't want to see another war with another country...we already are starting third war with Pakistan by encroaching into their airspace and using drones to attack.

Israel is already itching to launch attacks against Iran in a time window of a few months (It's what they say they have the chance before it's too late).

I hate what we have become and are truly headed in a direction of all out war between nations if the level of FEAR keeps being played out.

I want to be a Scientist!!! Give me the PROOF of EVIDENCE to back up what you say and make DAMN sure you are telling the TRUTH (I look to Collin Powell at the UN giving his Anthrax speech and bio chemical weapons)

Mr. Xalar,
Thank you for you nice words!
Robot

.............................
Science sees no further than what it can sense.
Religion sees beyond the senses.

@ jlight27 ; Good question, and I'm glad someone's on topic. When I worked in an oil refinery, we had safety personnel and equipment assigned to us any time we were operating in an enclosed or partially enclosed area. The gas levels detector that we had looked for the presence of explosive gases and monitored oxygen content in the air as primary function. This tech advance is made to order, and would seem to be an advance that could help eliminate so many of the false positives that cause the alarms to go off and require an area be cleared of working personnel. Refineries lose a lot of money and time on those false alarms, but obviously they are considered a necessary evil because they are still cheaper than watching half your refinery blow up. Then, I've also done asbestos abatement, and though this is primarily for gas detection as designed in the topic, if it could be adapted for asbestos; that would be another great use. Then there are radon inspections. And of course firemen could benefit from this too. Being graphene, the small allowable particulate size is extremely small, so it can probably detect almost any gas that you'd want a sensor for.

"The graphene foam sensor managed to detect the offending particle [ammonia] at just 1,000 parts-per-million in just five-to-10 minutes--making it ten times more effective than the best detectors on the market today. Far outperforms commercial gas sensors on the market today"

These statements are completely incorrect. Here is an example of a portable hand-held gas monitor that can detect ammonia, among other species, at the tens of ppm level with a response time well under 5 to 10 minutes.

http://www.raesystems.com/sites/default/files/downloads/multirae_ds_final_lores_6-10-11.pdf

I realy wish the PopSci writers would do some basic fact checking and sourcing prior to making statements that are easily proven to be false.


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