A long-hypothesized particle, stuff of tantalizing detection attempts and thrilling sci-fi novels, may have finally been sighted.

A magnet has a north and a south pole. If you cut that magnet in two, you get two magnets, each with its own north and south poles. No matter how far you subdivide a magnetic material, this is what happens. Both north end and south end. Theory and indirect measurements support the existence of matter with just one pole: a monopole. Scientists have searched in all kinds of materials -- in particle colliders, in moon dust, in cosmic radiation -- to no avail.

But now, a pair of papers in Science and another pair available on arXiv.org demonstrate convincing evidence of a substance that has monopoles: spin ice crystals (such as Dy2Ti2O7, in case you want to get your hands on some). The crystals seem to have tiny north points and separate tiny south points -- less than a nanometer apart, but still separate.

[Via Nature News]

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10 Comments

huh?

Way to go Susannah for being one of the few people left on your crew to report science without spin! It's refreshing.

whats a monopole?

Monopole is an magnetic object with only a north or south pole. Like the article says, if you cut an object standard object with a north and south pole in half the new ends always form an opposite pole.

Example: If a magnet has it's south end pointing down and it's north end pointing up, and then you cut it in half, you would not have a north manget and a south magnet. Instead the newly cut ends would just form new opposite poles from the origional ends.

A monopole object is able to contain only one of the ends - either just a north, or just a south. This is actually a big discovery because of the impact it could have on many scietific fields - especially that of transportation.

-Captain Science-

I've got a monopole. In my pants. SCIENCE!

Xspot

from neverland

If magnetic poles are properties, connected to electric force, this should also apply to electricity.
Perhaps a dipole is a twist of monopole and empty space in motion. Another interesting thing to find would a three pole, three poles of magnetic force under equal angle between them or north, south and some third reacting force in between. Is geometry or gravity of a magnet also a force as different part of a magnet spectrum?. Just a thought.

Magnetic force comes from the arrangement of electrons in an atom. In magnetic particles, there are more electrons on one side than of the atom than the other creating a negative side and an equally positive side - the side with less electrons. Molecular bonds distort the arrangement of electrons as do ions so perhaps they have molecules with the electrons distorted just so to make one side negative - or positive - and the other neutral.

The uses, as someone else started on. Transport. Of all kinds. Power containment, beam containment. Our efficiencies are so low that we often throw away as much as 25, even 40% of the total power at any one locale on the grid, just in getting power to the customer, and if there is a problem causing a system scram, it can be damaging as well. This advance, if realized, could allow us to store energy cost effectively with little to no loss. Billions immediately, trillions in the long run. That's off the top of my head, I'm out of time, gotta go work. Great stuff.

@airman000616

Actually, electric charge and electrical forces result from the arrangement of electrons you are describing. Magnetic forces arise from two sources: electrical charges in motion, or fundamental quantum mechanical spin and angular momentum properties of elementary particles. (In a sense, the second source is the same as the first: an electron orbiting its nucleus is an electrical charge in motion, and thus gives rise to magnetic forces. Where electrons exist in pairs in their orbitals, the spins are opposite and cancel each other out. Atoms with lone electrons in an orbital do not have this cancellation and tend to be magnetic in certain states.)

It is deceptive to discuss electron arrangements to one "side" or another of an atom. Electrons orbit their nucleii and thus can be found on all "sides" of an atom, more or less equally over time. Free electrons can congregate on the macro level to one side or another of a substance, giving rise to an unequal distribution of electrical charge. Or perhaps you are thinking of polar molecules such as water, in which the distribution of the individual ions is not mirror-symmetric, leading to a slightly unequal charge distribution.

These are both examples of electrical phenomena however, and not magnetism.

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