The Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaton’s voluptuous body shape and elongated head and neck, recorded in ancient depictions of the male ruler, have long perplexed historians. But now Irwin Braverman, a professor of dermatology and an expert on visual diagnosis at the Yale University School of Medicine, is offering a theory on the characteristics, which are not found in representations of other pharaohs: Akhenaton may have suffered from two genetic disorders that affect body shape.

Another genetic disease, craniosynostosis, which can result in the joints in the skull fusing too early, could have caused the pharaoh’s elongated head and neck. Egyptologists sometimes refer to the shape, which was common among 18th-dynasty royalty, as “royal head.” Illustrations of Akhenaton’s daughters also show the elongated head, as do mummies of his progeny. One such descendant: child-king Tutankhamen, who some believe may have been Akhenaton’s son. Akhenaton’s mummy has yet to be found, but Braverman hopes that DNA analysis of mummies of the pharaoh’s descendants may one day confirm his theory.
Five amazing, clean technologies that will set us free, in this month's energy-focused issue. Also: how to build a better bomb detector, the robotic toys that are raising your children, a human catapult, the world's smallest arcade, and much more.


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The problem I have with THEORIES is they could be right, or they could be wrong. For years I have heard and read of people spending grant money to show that their THEORY of how the pyramids were built, only to find out the STONES that had to be hauled from afar, and lifted onto the others, were made by pouring a concrete like material into molds. All those millions of dollars spent for nothing.
I like to see research like this being done, but if they are spending a lot of money on it, keep in mind, they can only prove that their theory COULD BE RIGHT. It could also be something else. Some societies in the past, and still today, do things that deform part or parts of bodies. One ancient society purposely made their baby's heads a different shape.
"The problem I have with THEORIES is they could be right, or they could be wrong."
You're absolutely right! I HATE it when people try to explain things without having absolute proof! Scientists should NEVER engage in speculation--they ought to stick to just reaffirming what we already know!
Scientists should NEVER engage in speculation--they ought to stick to just reaffirming what we already know!-sci-hi-fi
Reaffirming what we already know???? What the hell is the point of science then if not to improve what we already know or gain knowledge or insight on things we do not know or don't quite understand? Maybe you should change that name to low-tech-no-tech.. hehehe
All of science is based on theories or hypotheses which are then tested in experiments or researched until they seem to be sound. Theories that have proof to back them up are seen as true until proven otherwise. Take the theory of spontaneous generation, which is the belief that life starts from non-living objects (i.e. maggots originate from meat). This theory was taken as truth for centuries until Pasteur proved it wrong. Now, we believe in the germ theory, which will remain a truth for us until it too gets debunked. The same concept applies to all areas of science, including archeology.
As far as millions of dollars being spent on theories that turn out to be false, the original theory may be determined to be false, but something was learned. For instance, Smorgasbord's comment about the theory of stones being hauled to the building site may have been proven to be wrong, but it was discovered that the stones were actually molded at the site, which was something we didn't know before. Had something like this happened in the medical field, the outcome could be something like the drug didn't work from colon cancer, but did an amazing job of shrinking a brain tumor. With out this theory, and its subsequent debunking, a new, more effective drug for brain tumors would never have been found.
The whole of science is based on these theories and the testing of these theories. With out them, what would scientists have to study and experiment for? Where would we be today if these theories were not thought of?
Really? What kind of idiot could even try to relate these elongated skulls to craniosynostosis. Have you ever seen someone with craniosynostosis because they definitely do not develop perfectly symmetrical elongated skulls, and it generally causes "diminished intellectual capacity" or sometimes even retardation (but only in serious cases). However, if these elongated skulls could be attributed to this, then these would be serious cases that would have affected their brain development. Let me remind you that the same pharaoh’s that built the Great Pyramids are believed to have these elongated skulls, as well as the rulers of ancient Mayan civilization (and many other rulers/royalty of ancient civilizations around the world). It is ridiculous to believe that someone without ingenious intelligence would be capable presiding over the civilizations that built the Great Pyramids of Egypt or the Mayan stepped pyramids, especially when neither of these cultures should have had the technology required to do something of that magnitude. Surely, there has to be some other explanation for the connection between elongated skulls and royalty than that of a genetic disorder, especially when those who had them were capable of accomplishing so much. I am not saying that these elongated skulls were not passed on genetically (but rather quite the opposite), but I do not believe that they could be attributed to a genetic disorder. I am merely pointing out that their elongated skulls would allow them to have a cranial capacity that was larger than modern day humans, which would obviously denote bigger brains. Psychology is still yet to develop any laws regarding intelligence and brain size, however studies have shown that there are definite relationships between brain size and IQ. Although it is difficult for people (including myself) to believe, it cannot be ruled out that it is possible that there were some people in ancient civilizations that had intellectual ability that was superior to even modern day humans. If you think this is impossible, then research some of the things these incredible civilizations did (such as the Mayan calendar) without the use of any of the advanced technology we take for granted today.
Really? What kind of idiot could even try to relate these elongated skulls to craniosynostosis. Have you ever seen someone with craniosynostosis because they definitely do not develop perfectly symmetrical elongated skulls, and it generally causes "diminished intellectual capacity" or sometimes even retardation (but only in serious cases). However, if these elongated skulls could be attributed to this, then these would be serious cases that would have affected their brain development. Let me remind you that the same pharaoh’s that built the Great Pyramids are believed to have these elongated skulls, as well as the rulers of ancient Mayan civilization (and many other rulers/royalty of ancient civilizations around the world). It is ridiculous to believe that someone without ingenious intelligence would be capable presiding over the civilizations that built the Great Pyramids of Egypt or the Mayan stepped pyramids, especially when neither of these cultures should have had the technology required to do something of that magnitude. Surely, there has to be some other explanation for the connection between elongated skulls and royalty than that of a genetic disorder, especially when those who had them were capable of accomplishing so much. I am not saying that these elongated skulls were not passed on genetically (but rather quite the opposite), but I do not believe that they could be attributed to a genetic disorder. I am merely pointing out that their elongated skulls would allow them to have a cranial capacity that was larger than modern day humans, which would obviously denote bigger brains. Psychology is still yet to develop any laws regarding intelligence and brain size, however studies have shown that there are definite relationships between brain size and IQ. Although it is difficult for people (including myself) to believe, it cannot be ruled out that it is possible that there were some people in ancient civilizations that had intellectual ability that was superior to even modern day humans. If you think this is impossible, then research some of the things these incredible civilizations did (such as the Mayan calendar) without the use of any of the advanced technology we take for granted today.