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Ten students who are improving MRIs, cancer treatments and human-robot interaction--between classes, of course

Eduardo Fernandez (Far Right):  Eduardo Fernandez

EDUARDO FERNANDEZ

High School: Carl Hayden Community High School, Phoenix, Ariz.
Invention: 3-D assisted robotic arm

After Eddie Fernandez figured out how to take apart a remote-control car at age five, no gadget was safe. “Toys, batteries, motors, circuits: I wanted to know how they all worked,” he says. In seventh grade, he joined a team that built robots for the national FIRST competition. One entry threw 80-inch spheres eight feet in the air. Another played soccer. He also helped design and build an underwater autonomous robot. But his best work so far, he says, came about when he led the construction of the EVROV robot arm, designed to lift and move instruments to assist astronauts with spacewalks. He also created a complementary 3-D video system that helps human operators gauge depth as they remotely operate the arm from inside their ship. He presented the robot (and its nearly $11,000 price tag) at last year’s Conrad Foundation Spirit of Innovation Awards. Fernandez is motivated in part by uncertainty—his father was recently deported to Mexico. “When it happened, it really hit me that things can change overnight,” he says. “And that I needed to work harder and make better use of my time.”

College: Fernandez will be heading to Arizona State University in the fall to study mechanical engineering.

ALEXANDER GILBERT

Alexander Gilbert:  Alexander Gilbert

High School: St. Albans School, Washington, D.C.
Invention: Improved MRI contrast for more-accurate diagnoses

When Alex Gilbert was about six years old, a close relative of his was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. A year later, she discovered that doctors had misread her MRI results. “I was so young, I don’t think I fully appreciated how shocking [the false diagnosis] was,” Gilbert says. At age 15, he began to study magnetic imaging technology, and after his sophomore year in high school, he had an internship at the National Institutes of Health. There he developed a technique to improve MRI image contrast so that practitioners can more accurately spot the signs of neurological diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging systems excite protons and record the pattern by which their spinning slows down—that’s what produces the image. But the cell density of each part of the body alters the signal intensity: Air and bone produce weak signals and dark images. Fat and marrow produce bright images. Gilbert wrote an algorithm that accounts for those differences and improves image contrast, which can help reveal hard-to-spot tissue damage. The next summer, at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Gilbert developed another technique for improving contrast in MRI images. He found that by injecting a stain that binds to nucleic acids, the structural details in gray matter are clearer.

College: Gilbert is about to start his freshman year at MIT. He plans to major in physics or biophysics.

Matthew Fedderson and Blake Marggraff:  Rachel Frank

MATTHEW FEDDERSON AND BLAKE MARGGRAFF

High School: Acalanes High School, Lafayette, Calif.
Invention: Tin-based cancer treatment

Matt Feddersen and Blake Marggraff have been blowing things up in their backyards together since the fifth grade. “We each have very patient parents,” Marggraff says. In their junior year of high school, they entered the world of formal experimentation. A teacher mentioned that faulty tin-based shields at nuclear power plants were somehow amplifying radiation. Feddersen and Marggraff, who both had family members who had had battled cancer, wondered if tin could be used to create a secondary dose of x-rays that would augment an initial dose, making radiation treatment more effective. In their high school’s biology lab, the students injected tiny particles of tin into a simulated tumor made out of yeast. When x-rays hit the metal, it produced a second wave of radiation like in the faulty nuclear shields, but this time frying additional cells. The treatment killed more than 20 percent more cells than conventional radiation treatments, for only 60 cents per patient. Feddersen and Marggraff plan to test the treatment on human cells when they move on to college.

College: Feddersen is attending the University of Illinois for a year and plans to transfer to MIT. Marggraff is entering Washington University in St. Louis.

JAO-KE CHIN-LEE

Jao-ke Chin-Lee:  Jao-ke Chin-Lee

High School: Stuyvesant High School, New York, N.Y.
Invention: Active noise cancellation for human-robot speech interaction

Since she first watched a television show about DARPA’s Grand Challenge competition for driverless cars in 2006, Jao-ke Chin-Lee has been fascinated with artificial intelligence. In high school she applied for a summer research program at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and wound up working on an autonomous forklift known as Pokey, one of the lab’s major projects that year. Robots have a difficult time processing the subtle inflections of human language, especially when a lot of background noise is present. Pokey, designed to operate on construction sites, couldn’t tell the difference between spoken commands and the ambient noise that shares the same frequencies as human speech. After teaching herself how to apply the necessary math and computer science to speech processing, Chin-Lee developed an algorithm that filters out the background noise. The program has potential applications beyond just Pokey; she hopes to someday build it into voice-operated wheelchairs, for example.

College: This fall, 16-year-old Chin-Lee, who skipped first grade, will begin her freshman year at Harvard University, where she plans to study computer science and machine learning.

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10 Comments

VERY thankful that two of these young inventors were from my home state (TEXAS!) and at least one was home-schooled!

I have known a few adults that were home schooled as children. I will just say they don't adapt well to society. And leave it at that.

I love the kids using tin to create more effective radiation therapy. Making existing treatments more effective AND at an affordable price is definitely the sort of inspired thinking that will change our everyday world.

Boka, these are the type of people locked in basements provided with huge funding to dedicate their lives to research for the greater good. The have no lives..

Thanks to them, I have a cooler that throws me a beer on command.

Keep on researching you researchers. we love ya

i like the last one, algae based fuels should be more fleshed out than what they are, think about it, the algae scrubs the air of C02 constantly, so it is either really small or possibly even carbon neutral. but like all other plans for alternate energy it needs to be convenient, scalable, and effective.

for instance, i understand gas, petroleum gas, it is simple, it burns, that expands, pushing a piston, bam the work is done. i don't quite understand fuel cells, you have two plates one copper the other God knows what, you pass water or something between them, ????, profit? also i can get gas at a gas station, what i can't get at a gas station is a battery for an electric car.

another example is that the coal operation is massive, there are coal plants in just about every state providing large quantities of electricity, i think the last time i checked it was bringing in 30% of ameria's electricity where as alternate fuels combined brought in 5% so the scale is what has really been hindering that.

finally the energy density of gas has not been seen in many other things, the only way that we come close is by creating processes to create the same oil, which usually don't pan out, or is nuclear.

which brings me to my final subject, lets go nuclear, seriously it isn't as dangerous as people make it out to be, the rise in background radiation around nuclear reactors drops off completely after the first 1000 feet, and we already seem to be digging ourselves a nice oil filled grave so why don't we make it interesting and have it glow?

to mars or bust!

Agreed !! Great article! I know many home school kids that excel specially in Science and math; Hopefully this helps other parents understand how home school works these days; Kids go to home school groups weekly and have exposure to way more hands on activities than regular school kids.

Numbers don't lie, if you check the stats you will see great amount of home school kids entering very exclusive universities and performing very well.

Check out this girl for example, had she not had the opportunity to study at home science would had miss on a huge scientist. (Canada lost her)

see the web link at:

ted.com/talks/eva_vertes_looks_to_the_future_of_medicine.html

Eva Vertes found herself on the road to international science superstardom recently, after she found a compound that successfully prevents nerve cells from dying in an Alzheimer’s disease cellular model. Her research has extraordinary implications in the race to find a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. What’s even more remarkable is that Vertes made her discovering while working on her Grade 10 science fair project.

Several awards, scholarships and prestigious research opportunities soon followed (including a mentorship with neurologist Dr. Michael Rathbone at McMaster University in Hamilton, as well as year-long stint in Chieti, Italy, working with one of Rathbone’s colleagues). In fact, she was so busy with her research, Vertes decided to complete high school via correspondence, a fact that did not sit well with Canadian university admissions boards. She was rejected by all three Canadian schools, but was eagerly pursued by officials at Princeton University, who offered her a scholarship.

After Princeton, Vertes plans on attending Harvard for medical school and to obtain her PhD, so that she can continue her research.

The CO filtration system for car exhaust sounds interesting. There might also be ways to adjust the temperatures needed for the optimal algae growth/CO2 capture. On a large scale, coal power companies could use this to grow algae that creates bio-fuel. A win-win-win, clean energy, clean air, and the bonus of a bio-fuel bi-product.

@boka May I remind you that this is a science themed website. Therefore, it might be expected that comments might be expected to be logical. If I were to say something like "I saw two blue monkeys, therefore all monkeys must be blue...let's leave it at that", I would be seen as pretty ridiculous and not credible. This is how you have portrayed yourself. Did you do a thorough study on these two homeschoolers? Did you find conclusive results that they didn't "adapt well to society"? What are your measures of adaptation to society? Since I am fairly certain that you didn't do this, maybe you should check out some of the *real* studies that have been done on homeschoolers over the past thirty years that show that they are actually higher on measures of social success than the general population. Maybe you also need to remember that schools have only been around for approximately the last 150 years, and before that everyone was homeschooled. So, according to your conclusion, I guess that would mean that all of society did not adapt well to society in that time period.

@ boka:

There is EVERYTHING wrong with your statement. It does not matter to you that every one of these young people have already been far more productive in their few short years than you ever will be... you find some pointless detail to criticize them in the same way all gifted kids are growing up-- having to ignore bullies and tormentors such as yourself.

Did you happen to notice that no other commentors agreed with you, and several have openly condemned your attempt to belittle these individuals? (I DON'T want to call them "kids"... it sounds disrepectful in light of their accomplishments.) You did not offer a SINGLE word of acknowledgment! Of the many of us that have read this article, and then read your response, tell me: do you think we'd all rather be living with all them as neighbors, or with a bunch of clones of a clown such as yourself?!

Your comments are NOT appreciated... if you had any intelligence at all, you'd actually be doing something constructive rather than trying to tear down and attack someone that's actually a contributor!

To all of you mentioned in this article-- we all praise your work, and will be looking forward to seeing the wonderful things you'll be doing in the coming years.

@ Ms. Bagley:

Thank you so much for the article, but could you please make a special effort to print the names correctly? Is his name spelled Matt Feddersen (4 spellings) or Matt Fedderson (2 spellings?) Please correct the article.

It really is discouraging to see what has happened to Pop Sci over the years-- go back over articles written in the 60's or 70's, and you will notice that stories were obviously edited much more critically than they are today-- typos were very uncommon, and when they did occur, they were usually mistakes that were more difficult to catch, such as the transposition of a couple of digits of the boiling point of some liquid. Today, it is common to find multiple errors in a single article. Unlike mags covering fashion, entertainment, or many other topics, accuracy is important in magazines covering science and technology.
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Free online publishing is nearly ubiquitous, which means that dedicated proofreaders and fact-checkers are now nearly non-existent, but there is a creative solution.

After completing an article, writers or editors can email individuals such as myself or anyone else that posts comments regularly on Pop Sci, and you can make a simple, gracious, dignified request: "Dear So-and-So: we appreciate your ongoing comments submitted to our magazine. Try as we might, we still sometimes commit the occasional typo, and, without the funding for a proofreading staff that we once had, we would ever so much appreciate it if we could occasionally forward articles to you prior to publication so that you might help us correct the errors we fail to catch ourselves. This is entirely voluntary, of course, and it would be done gratis, but is this a favor we could ask of you from time to time?"

I'd be willing to wager you'd find that many readers with excellent language skills would be overjoyed to help you-- many are likely to be retired, and would be eager to use their brains for something a little more purposeful than just doing crosswords and Sudoku. I would love to see that become the accepted norm of publishing, not just for Pop Sci, but for all forms of online publishing, and it would help to keep editing standards at acceptable levels.

For other readers that feel as I do, please let Pop Sci know that you'd like to offer your proofreading help.

I thank you, as do all of your readers, for continuing to keep us informed.



June 2013: American Energy Independence

Five amazing, clean technologies that will set us free, in this month's energy-focused issue. Also: how to build a better bomb detector, the robotic toys that are raising your children, a human catapult, the world's smallest arcade, and much more.


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