NASA's Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope spent a year collecting data from a thousand gamma ray sources and came up with this, the best map to date of the extreme universe. It also gave Einstein a shot in the arm by confirming the scientist's theories of space-time.
Gamma rays represent the highest-energy form of light in the universe, and often emerge from sources such as massive black holes that spew out fast jets of matter. One particular event known as a short gamma ray burst confirmed Einstein's view that radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays all travel at the same speed through space.
Scientists have explored a theory that space-time represents a frothy, dynamic structure at incredibly tiny physical scales trillions of times smaller than electrons. Models have predicted that the foamy space-time could cause higher-energy gamma rays to move more slowly than lower energy photons -- a prediction put to the test by the space telescope's observations."Physicists would like to replace Einstein's vision of gravity -- as expressed in his relativity theories -- with something that handles all fundamental forces," said Peter Michelson, a scientist working on Fermi's Large Area Telescope, or LAT, at Stanford University in California. "There are many ideas, but few ways to test them."
Fermi detected the GRB 090510 event on May 10, and astronomers deduced that the gamma ray burst likely came from the collision of two neutron stars 7.3 billion light-years away. Two gamma ray photons in particular had wildly different levels of energy millions of times apart. And yet the pair arrived at Fermi's detectors just nine-tenths of a second apart after traveling across seven billion years.
"This measurement eliminates any approach to a new theory of gravity that predicts a strong energy dependent change in the speed of light," Michelson said.
The thousand gamma ray sources discovered by Fermi mark a fivefold increase in the number previously known, and a few have proved particularly record-breaking. For instance, the GRB 090510 event ejected its matter at 99.99995 percent of light speed. The highest energy seen in a gamma ray yet came from GRB 090902B in the form of 33.4 billion electron volts -- about 13 billion times the energy of visible light.
A third source, GRB 080916C, created enough total energy to rival 9,000 supernova explosions. And if that's not crazy enough, consider that gamma ray bursts also serve as a good source of those ghostly neutrinos.
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This is great news, I am sure they will complicate things a bit when they explain it by introducing a new dimension to try to explain things. What do we have now 11 dimension, I believe the same as Einstein did he just didn't have the exposure of todays discoveries. Although Einstein didn't find the answer to the "Theory to Everything," it isn't as complicated as people think, we are just making it more complicating as we go along.
There is a way to connect the dots from present knowledge of the microscopic universe. It's basically is similar to what we have today 1 and 0's from binary numbers or off and on that turns into complex computer language, video, ideas and mathematical equations, supercomputers of today that predicts the weather, makes atomic bombs, internet, and robots that brings us an ice cold beer.
We right now are trying to engineer this universe with complex code already programmed from the basic forms of matter, however if we did our home work and reverse engineer it starting from scratch and work our way up from the beginning by obeying the current laws of physics it isn't as complicated as it looks. Believe me I do think I have the missing ingredients.
One of the particles from that missing ingredient is the axion's. If we are looking for the secrets of the universe, as Democritus said over 2,000 years ago, the aatom was the irreducibly minimal quantity of matter. If we find the irreducibly particle we will find the secret of matter, gravity, light duality, the two slit illusion, etc etc etc.
Another thing that is interesting and a bit confusing about this article is why this would be such a problem if light is constant - "Of the many gamma ray photons Fermi's LAT detected from the 2.1-second burst, two possessed energies differing by a million times. Yet after traveling some seven billion years, the pair arrived just nine-tenths of a second apart."
0.9 seconds is less than the distance from the earth to the moon, they can't believe the two light particles started from the same exact point in space, one could be farther out from the same source than the other one, which makes since about having different energy's.
This finding in the article above doesn't prove that the speed of light is constant throughout the universe. Both photons had to take the same road to get here with the same peaks and valleys, and the same curvature of space/time within the maximum speed limits that were posted through the same medium that they went through.
Sadly the human race isnt ready to know these things. Space is what it is. Until humanity can learn to crawl it will never fly, so to speak. We can waste time theorizing on what happened a billion light years away or we can concentrate our scientific might on protecting our own planet from the beings it supports. Please dont get me wrong I am an avid scientist. My point is if we are to use our knowledge to our benefit would it not be wiser to use our knowledge to make sure that the human race can feed itself safely, power itself cleanly, and preserve our home for all of eternity. Bottom line it may be the only opportunity we get to see heaven as we are made in Gods image should we not at least make and effort to be more God like in our struggle to attain heaven... Make our own, just in case he doesnt come back soon enough.
Great article! Here at NASA we've just completed a short film about Fermi's big results and what they mean for Einstein's relativity.
Check it out! The answers truly lie among the stars.
Einstein's Cosmic Speed Limit
www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mkKhn53L68
Love from,
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
@garthog42
I've signed up to say this; this was one of the most ridiculous comments I've ever read from a "scientist" ever. Sorry. Clearly, in your mind, this research has nothing to do with the problems you mention, you are either totally ignorant about the issue (please do at least a preliminary research, you know, like a scientist), or you choose to take the word of silly creation myths over observation and deduction for reasons that aren't really clear to me. Really ridiculous.
I wonder if there's someone out there that could give me an answer about this idea that this article gave me. The idea I based on the (is it the 2nd law of thermodynamics) the one were stuff loses energy unless an outside source gives it more. Anyway, why couldn't those really small pieces like neutrinos (or what ever) lose their energy and since it's been happening for (billions and billions of years) have mounted up enough to jam the universe with DARK MATTER. I don't know maybe my thought will spark someone else to come up with one.
@ garthog42
This is only in response to a bit of what you said. Feeding the human race is not a scientific issue, it's a political issue. There is no shortage of food in the world, in fact, there's a surplus. It's the distribution that's askew.
Also, if scientists spent all their time trying to fix those problems, what room would there be for discovery?
from neverland
In other words, whole universe is oscillating, as Tesla suggested. But what is travelling, mass or effect, because this theory suggest to me, mass can be spread in time. In time, not only through space dimension. We already know that, the fastest way trough the universe is not to oscillate at all, so no energy is lost in curves, ass in buoyancy. Geometry of gamma rays wave makes me think. All particles were ejected almost instantly, but later a wave has form, because lighter particles traveled faster than heavier, starting as a round composition of forces. Somehow, travelling trough space changed the geometry of forces, by arranging them in different order, different dimension. What has happened with the place and dimension, where supernova once was, since energy vibrated away, how did gravity fill empty space so quickly and part of space didn't simply disappear for any possible information.
Like black hole effect, disturbing paths of any energy particles, trying to fill empty or flat space, but in reverse after effect.
So i wonder, how would this part of universe reconstruct itself, would it simply implode into usual micro gravity chaos existence or would it continue to oscillate in some wave geometry pattern, until micro gravity would blow out usual dimension of particles again. Probably from particles, that would arrive first, the flat line ones. But when and how, there must be some gravity first for anything to assume all three dimensions. It is possible, if gravity would have some indivisible minimal value, but it should also be made of particles, travelling at light speed and separated from other particles.
Also interesting aspect of event, when supernova exploded, all wave functions of particles assumed some constructive interference pattern, exploding in same direction outward. So space should reconstruct itself from outside interferences, pushing inward and collapsing in the center, creating some harmonic pattern again.
Where are we, in analogy with cheese structure, are we the cheese, the holes in it, or in between the borders?
@you jerks ArcaneJill and nubuki harping on garthog42
cool article. some of you are jerks. feeding the human race is a scientific issue. politics gets in the way of it. we need to slow down human population growth to a rate that is sustainable for the human race to flourish for "god knows how long."
so what he said heaven and Gods image. atheist here. if you read closely to what he said he did not comment to promote creationism; he's only trying to divert attention to issues that are important NOW that are crucial for our CONTINUED EXISTENCE. But I believe we have the resources to work on avoiding future humanitarian crises and learn more about the universe.
soon we might have to forget economics and just make everything sustainable and clean at w/e cost. we may have no choice. Is it not worth spending a few quadrillion or octillion now and be in a ginormous amount of debt so we dont extinguish ourselves entirely from this universe? save a buck or save a life? stupid question
and you say we have a surplus of food? please, tell me where this unlimited quantity of food comes from if youre assuming weve always had a surplus. that right there defies the laws of mathematics/physics too as 1+1 does not equal 100,000 trillion. i guess our planet Earth absorbs dark matter and converts it to cheeseburgers and snickerdoodles. you kinda think like confident teenagers who think theyve got pretty much everything figured out, maybe even ignorant religious nutjobs, since neither of you are really thinking things through
you wanna talk preliminary research? take some time to read somebody's comment before you pms and go ballistic for no reason like that guy at the vmas. THAT kind of behavior is ridiculous
Humanity colonizing space/other planets = population growth problem severely lessened, and perhaps on its way to becoming solved.
Running out of resources on Earth? Go mine a big asteroid, and get centuries of resources. Many of Earth's problems can be solved by expanding into space; just need the money to pour into the research and engineering. We'll get there eventually, just a matter of time.
The research in the field of particle physics has so much potential to solve not only today's problems that humanity has created for itself, but the unforeseeable problems that will face future generations (assuming we get there). As so many problems boil down to energy production and the harmful output of the current outdated processes of converting and using energy, the study of matter and energy is research into novel energy sources that could one day fix these issues.
I agree that there are many more problems that humanity faces that are completely unrelated to this, such as food, disease, and etc. These are important problems that are being researched thoroughly by scientists of other fields. However we cant lose sight of the importance of understanding the nature of the universe we live in.
All human beings are scientist by birth, just differing in degree. The comments here and the article along with the work done by NASA is nothing short of amazing. But the string here also has raised some very interesting points and questions concerning our existance here on earth. If you really want some answers... Go to Earthlings.com and if you are truly human.. watch the whole movie.. Earthlings.com Please watch the whole movie and spread this word. Along with science this our only hope for ultimate peace, success, and happiness as a species. Please spread this truth and make a difference. And, yes, I am a scientist.
from Easley, SC
I would not be so quick to dismiss the value of Astronomy or the belief that Jesus was real and that the ancient witnesses all attesting to what he said and did all bearing witness to an amazing man. He knew all the answers to the universe but chose love as the most important of all the questions. Respond first with love to those who would oppose you. Science is awesome but it shouldn't be your god. I believe God reveals through brilliant men in his time, things that continue to amaze us. All the ancient scientists and even today they walk amoungst us. People with deep intellect fathoming things I can only meagerly attempt to understand. God is at work in all things, even the brilliant scientist who may or may not accept his existance. To God be the glory for all that there is. Even the neigh-sayer that only believes what he can see. Love is the answer to solving the world's problems but not the questions of science. So Love and Science need to work together to conquer ignorance and hatred. I for one stand up for God and the value of scientific discover and will not be ashamed of it. So keep pressing forward for answers to the many questions we have but through all things put on love and be patient with one another. We can't all be as brilliant as you...
It's getting irritating that some kind of religious reference and subsequent debate/flame must accompany almost every scientific article or youtube video I run across. You don't have to flavor the spread of discovery with philosophy about its role in your personal life (and I say personal because not everyone shares the same beliefs), just appreciate that we get to learn about what is going on in our world (that we do share).
That said, thank you for posting this article... and thank you to Goddard for linking to the Nasa video about Fermi!
congrats xspot.nice :-)
lets take things in reverse lol
yep we exist on outside.
localised spacetime will reconstruct from outside forces as like singularity outbursts can refuel dying galaxies.
it will be from occilating particles that will congeal space & time.((with a little help from a friend)dark matter)
space did not evaporate away from point of implosion.
its not even absent of particles.
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
so the stars explode matter gets propelled away;is it that what rebounds dark matter???
which may explain where our inhabited universe's missing matter is/came from.
the dark matter is the protiens of the dna.cant build matter without anti matter and black holes.
was some of the energy lost from particle 2??? where did it go?hmm???
the fastest way to travel through the universe is "not to travell through it at all" hehe ;-)
what is mass? how come 2 particles without mass can conbime to form new particle with mass??? is it the opposite forces (occilational differentials????)
so what is mass? is it not only an effect???
p.s. "future boy" your in big doo doo now;shhhh!
outsideman...mass as an effect, not a state inherent. that's not bad..
now that he got it as it's already been figured, who knows?
I think you guys are missing the big picture NASA looks at this web site thats awesome! It makes me wonder who else looks at this web site.
from neverland
Thanks Outsideman, and you wrap it up nicely. I'd like to keep them coming, but right now I must disconnect cables from electric greed and hope not to catch me, go to court and fight for my home, my county unfairly wants to take away from me and than I must find something to eat and get some rest. Did I mention, I live in a hart of Europe, with 200 euros a month?
Science is getting stranger and stranger as you think about it. There is a real mystery to me what is happening with space as a theoretical construct because it's a description of a dimension itself, but in reverse and mirrored. There's much to it, I think. You said it yourself, things are constructed from two pieces of nothing and exists in nothing, where there is always an equal portion of action and reaction between parts of something and that never change it's total amount of everything. It sounds very interesting to me, it looks like a work of the magician. In other words, we are missing something and I don't think it's just a dark things. For example, where are virtual particles, in outside border of universe as a whole, how they keep up with general motion of space, where is the center of gravity, does it have a magnetic poles and my favorite - are we just a top layer of existence or in other words, is it possible the time has a physical dimensional structure. I have an interesting idea and I must put it on the paper. It's just a natural philosophy, as Newton put it, but there must be some good answers to all this questions, I think.
"In the absence of any other proof, the thumb alone would convince me of God's existence."
-Sir Isaac Newton
I have a theory here...maybe some physicist can listen up. I've had some education in black holes and gravitation in college, but it was in the 70's, where I got an A, but a lot has moved on since then.
I've noticed that globular clusters, those blobs of stars that form in the galaxy, have a tendency to migrate to where the magnetic field lines bend into either the north or south poles of the galaxy. Yep. At least that seems to be a tendency where they gather near the extended field lines. I thought that was interesting and maybe there is a property in those field lines bending near a pole, that has been overlooked, such as simulated mass? I noticed in string theory that frequency equals energy, so this could also be where the magnetic field lines "sing" the loudest as they descend into a black hole, and that energy can also create an attractive power.
Here is my theory, based on transferring the properties of the small onto the universe as fundamentals. If a muon may be nothing more than an electron with MORE mass, isn't it possible, it got its mass from an inflated magnetic field? Just hold on, before you tear this apart. If it can take on mass, couldn't it also lose mass?
If there is something to this...since some scientists are saying the space-time continuum runs along the magnetic field lines (electrons spiral along the troughs of those space-time expressions), then perhaps mass can be expressed or stored in a magnetic field? This would be if gravity - which mass can express, is somehow influenced. We already have experiments where GRAVITY has been slightly reduced over the top of a spinning super conductor. And, in reverse, maybe mass can be subtracted from influencing outside events, sitting in a magnetic bubble.
What you get, if true, is a zero mass engine. A spaceship that can reduce its mass influence to the universe outside the field, can easily accelerate to light speed, diluting time in the process, so humans can travel to distant planets within their lifetimes, but not be able to return in the same century, etc. (Time dilates) This way, nature would allow humans to seed the universe, but not return to their home world to influence its history. But, if they understand how to influence mass, they may also be able to bounce off the event horizon of a black hole and travel back to their original time, to arrive with minutes of when they left. OK, everyone - thoughts are welcome...and maybe I can spark a physics discovery here that has maybe been overlooked. wink.
"Remember thr poor for they are with you always."
Always. So it shall be so long as we have Homo Sapiens.
Get over it. Feed the world is a distraction and waste of money and energy. The world can feed itself. People can feed themselves. It is a very basic thing and not too difficult. Political groups starve each other out. That is different. Politics IS the root of all evil. Abandon politics for true science. Abandon the brainwashing your proffesors stuck in your head. Become adult men and women. Think for yourselves.
Awsome!! space time-- cool