He plugs straight into the brain to map our thoughts, neuron by neuron

Karl Deisseroth, 36, Stanford University Karl Deisseroth; digital imaging by Neil Duerden

"Here's what happens when we turn on the light," Karl Deisseroth says. He points to a mouse, ordinary save for the thin optical fiber protruding through its skull. When a lab tech presses a lever, blue light shoots through the fiber, and the mouse -- which had been sauntering straight ahead -- starts to run in circles. "He's doing that because the blue light turns the neural circuit on," Deisseroth explains. "As soon as we stop the stimulation, he'll walk straight again."

It's a feat that would have astonished Orwell: Deisseroth is dictating the mouse's behavior from the inside out. The secret is a class of light-sensitive proteins called channelrhodopsins that occurs naturally in algae. "The postdocs go to Half Moon Bay [on the California coast] to collect it," Deisseroth says. "It's basically pond scum." When exposed to light, channelrhodopsins help regulate the flow of sodium into a cell, which determines whether or not a neuron fires. By incorporating the gene that generates the pond-scum proteins into mouse neurons, Deisseroth has devised a way to activate and deactivate the neurons as easily as flipping a switch.

Deisseroth has no interest in a 21st-century mind-control campaign, however. He's trying to get a handle on the fundamentals of brain function. When he turns his neural circuits on and off, he can observe exactly what behaviors those circuits control. "We know how the heart works. It's a pump," he says. "But with the brain, we don't have that kind of model. We can't even imagine one." Deisseroth's fibers will let researchers explore what the brain does on a neuron-by-neuron level. "Karl's big breakthrough of using light to map the function of neural circuits will allow us, for the first time, to really know how the brain works," says Duke University neurobiologist George Augustine. "This has been a big problem for more than a century. He's poised to blow the field wide open."

20 Comments

The same day I found this article, I also found these extracts on work by Dr. Gero Miesenböck who has discovered a way to both read and stimulate neurons using photons. In both cases, Dr. Miesenböck has genetically engineered special proteins which either emit photons or are sensitive to them, allowing both the detection of action potentials and stimulation of individual neurons in the brain of a fruit fly. He is trying to unravel how information is stored and processed in the brain of a fruit fly; interesting coincidence.

at http://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk see:

Remote control of behavior through genetically targeted photostimulation of neurons (and)

Optical imaging and control of genetically designated neurons in functioning circuits

Could this help people who have an impairment in the brain, such as those suffering from psychosis, dementia and other brain related diseases? Or is the main focus of this study just to try to control a person's brain? If this is the case then it's "scary"...

to i think that this is just another way to save energy

ALoucks

from Canal Winchester, Ohio

I honestly thought it was cool.I thought it was a neat thing to control the mind.But if the enemies get their hands on it then what would happen to our spys,i say that we shouldnt mess the mind just because its a dangerous thing.not only is it dangerious but there are some good things to like if convects are lying about something we can see if they are or not.

Could this help people who have an impairment in the brain, such as those suffering from psychosis, dementia and other brain related diseasesi think that this is just another way to save energy

cbeane

from Groveport, Ohio

i think its interesting to learn how the brain works, and it might be dangous because you never know what it can do to your nerves and your brain.

it's a very intresting article to read about

Algae is amazing. This is very cleaver matching the proteins. I think C Atkinson is right that this can help people with mental illnesses.

i think this can help people with mental illnesses

If they can get in the brain they can fix problems that we cant do with drugs or other thing maybe the could even figure out how to fix peoples problems with there senses they could be able to fix a blind person eyes or a persons hearing

i think that he is trying to create the matrix all over again.think could be saving some energy.this could help people that have lost a limb move that limb that they lost.

this is a very good paragraph. i believe it can help people with mental illnesses. or a blind or def person.

I think his idea about how he going to show how the brain works is going to be a good idea to do to experience how it works

i belive that this is a very good paragraph. it could help people who are blind or even def. if they make something like this then we wouldnt need the seeing eye dogs.

if this can work on mental illness it would be the best thing because it could help people that might not have any

i think it is a good idea to see how the brain works .

so does this mean that he is working on helping people with brain problems? its a good article

I think that this would help people learn about the brain alot more.

Deisseroth's breakthrough lies not only in the potential insight it may offer to the treatment of mental disorder, but also in the methodological breakthrough in the study of the brain on neuronal basis. I am looking forward to see the implementation of a Human Cognome Project that yields something of significance resembling the Human Genome Project.

The secret is a class of light-sensitive proteins called channelrhodopsins that occurs naturally in algae.Good
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