Make a propane-powered forge in your garage and get your hammer and anvil ready

Propane Regulator
Forge - Propane Regulator: The black tank fitting is for suburban BBQs. The attached brass tank fitting is for Awesome.  Vin Marshall

When shopping for a propane regulator and fittings, make sure to get a tank connection that looks like the one attached to the regulator in the picture. The new-style connection, pictured sitting next to the regulator, has a safety feature built in that shuts down the propane flow if it thinks you have a massive gas leak. This is good for BBQ grills, but unfortunately for us, this burner behaves a lot like a massive gas leak. The older style connection won't trouble you with that "safety" feature.

Inside the Forge
Inside the Forge:  Vin Marshall

The forge itself is basically a box made of refractory material and the steel needed to contain and support it. In my forge, I used refractory brick purchased from a friend with a ceramics supply and kiln repair business. If there is no such business near you, you can order a variety of refractory material.

Propane Forge Exterior
Propane Forge Exterior:  Vin Marshall

As you can see in the pictures, I built a very simple and small forge. I wasn't sure how much forging I actually planned to do, and I didn't want to go overboard. This size was adequate for everything I did, even though a larger forge would have been convenient at times. Were I to do it again, I would build a forge that was longer, with two burners to keep it uniformly heated, and wider as well. This forge's width was dictated by the length of my brick. A wider design would call for either different refractory material, or an arch-like arrangement of the bricks to span the distance. Also, while I left the back of my forge open to accommodate longer work pieces, I would close all but a window in the back of a larger forge. I would probably also build a door for the front. This forge loses a lot of heat through the front and back. I address this partly by piling extra refractory bricks in front of and behind the forge when I am working.

Refractory Brick
Refractory Brick:  Vin Marshall

Refractory brick is easy to work with in that it is very easy to cut and drill. It's hard to work with in that it is brittle. Buy a bit more material than your forge design will actually require on the assumption that you will destroy some of it.

To construct the forge, come up with a design that works for your expected needs. Plan the layout of the refractory material you have chosen. Then design an outer support of steel that will keep that refractory material in place once assembled. On the inside, your layout of refractory material must support itself. As you can see in my design, I went with a very simple arrangement of the bricks that is held in by a minimal frame of angle. Your design will depend on the size and shape you've chosen for your forge.

Propane burner
Propane Forge Burner In Position:  Vin Marshall

Finally, you need to combine your burner or burners with the forge you've built. Choose a central location for the burners and determine how they will attach to the frame of the forge. In my design, a piece of flat bar bent into a U shape clamps the 3/4" black pipe of the burner to the forge frame. (There are U clamps available for black pipe like this 3/4" pipe, but I didn't have one on hand when I was building the forge.)

Hole for the burner
Forge - Hole for the Burner:  Vin Marshall

A hole needs to be cut where the end of the burner passes through the refractory material. The fire brick is so soft that I was able to easily use a hole saw by hand to make this hole.

Forged Gate: One of the projects made using this homemade forge: a decorative gate for a customer in suburban Philadelphia.  Vin Marshall

Once everything is assembled, you're ready to fire up the forge and begin forging. If you find that it captures your attention, you can learn more about the art in many places. One good place to start is Anvil Fire and another is ABANA.

We'd like to see your forge and things that you've forged. Add the pictures to the PopSci Pool on Flickr.

A Note About Safety:

Please pay attention to safety. The forge is HOT. The metal coming out of the forge will be HOT. Keep in mind that, while we've shown you have to build a forge here, no information has been provided as to how to forge. You must do your research and learn these techniques before you jump in. Keep in mind that this forge burns propane and produces waste gasses including Carbon Monoxide. Only use the forge outside or in a very well ventilated indoor space. Use your common sense and always wear eye protection.

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13 Comments

I wondered if there was an electrical way to build a forge.

Nice build and shop. I may have to try this. I have always been interested in metal working and having a forge would certainly be a nice tool to have handy.

Wawa Peach Tea is awesome by the way. Shout out to PA!

--GTO--

@Azorus There must be, as there electrical induction furnaces and electric arc furnaces used in foundries. Those are operating at a higher temperature than a forge would. I have a feeling your electricity costs would be staggering. Here is some more info from wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_furnace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc_furnace

What might be a neat DIY project would be a computer controlled electrical heat treating furnace. Totally doable, probably with the same coils they use in ceramics kilns.

@GTO Thanks! Those are actually all pictures of the old shop. I don't have any pictures of the new place online yet.

I definitely recommend trying your hand at forging. The propane regulator and hose were the biggest cost in the build, and even that was only about $40 if memory serves.

I didn't turn out to be much of a blacksmith, but it was still worth it. I got better insight into how metal moves, which helped me in forming sheet metal. And I'm inspired by the blacksmithing construct of building your own tools during the course of an apprenticeship and in so doing bootstrapping yourself into your trade (both in terms of skills and equipment).

And yes, PA is an awesome, awesome place.

This actually sounds like a lot of fun. How much life do you get out of the propane? In other words, how many hours of heating do you get out of X-amount of propane?

There are a number of induction heaters available. Mine is a 18 kilowatt machine. While that is a large amount of power the actual power consumed in practical use is not that great 'cause you are only heating at best 40% of the actual forging time. Don't forget to include time to actually figure out what you are doing... My heater will bring a 5/8" round up to forging temp for a length of 3/4" in about 5 seconds. To heat a longer section you just move the piece back and forth in the coil. The power level is adjustable so the 18 kw figure is extreme. I seldom have it turned up that high. The biggest dfrawback is, of course, the price. You are looking to put out about $2600 plus the water cooling system for the electronics.

Thanks vinmarshall!

@mranderson I haven't used it in a while, but if memory serves, I'd get about 1-2 days of forging out of a 20 lb (bbq grill sized) container. Those cost me about $15 to fill around here.

@ironmonger Interesting. Do you have a link to the vendor(s)? Did you build it from parts or get something ready made? Also, do you have a flickr account? You might want to consider posting pictures of your setup and some of the stuff you've forged in the popsci photo pool. It sounds like this post has gotten some people interested in trying their hand at forging, and it can be inspiring to see what other people are working on.

You should walk your cyberspace legs over to Instructables, you'd be the talk of the town!

I love this! Getting medieval, maybe I'll make my own excalibur!

I have personnel been lucky to visit quite a number of old school blacksmiths. If you are looking for an amazing day out with your family I would highly recommend it. Particularly some of the old codgers; they are an absolute legend and can tell many a tall story couple with a gift for creating art from fire and steel.

www.plastmo.co.uk

The art and craft aspect of metal work is still alive around the country side. Go and treat yourself. Watch the guys at work and you will be convinced of the need to build one just for yourself.

www.colorcoat-online.com/en/products/exterior_products

I just recently made one, unfortunately I used a gas grill propane regulator and the hose melted on me 20 minutes after having started up the forge.

This looks like a good design for someone of my skill level and limited access to space. I do have a few questions:
Is it possible to safely run this unit in an indoor space? I have a well-ventilated 2nd floor shop space, with large industrial windows and a double fire-door at the opposite side of the shop, allowing for good cross-ventilation, but as CO sinks, it's my main concern in building a propane fired forge. I had planned on building a forced-air ventilation hood that would be powered by an internal squirrel cage fan to direct the fumes up and out my shop window. Does this sound feasible? Where do you mainly run this forge, indoors or out?
My second question is: how hot does the burner structure get? I saw that someone else commented that their hose had begun to melt, and I'd like like to avoid combustion. Thanks for the input.

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