Build a Pocket Theremin on the Cheap

Build It
Throw together this pint-sized light-sensitive Theremin for spooky sci-fi sound effects on the cheap
Theremin Powered: Photo by Dave Prochnow

Even if you're not familiar with the Theremin itself, it's very likely you've heard its loopy electronic tones before. Remember those spooky sound tracks from 1950s science fiction movies? Well, chances are pretty good that those oscillating noises were generated by a Theremin.

Designed by Russian physicist Leon Theremin circa 1919, the two-handed instrument was one of the first ever electronic musical instruments and the first instrument one could play without physically touching it. Thirty years after its invention, the Theremin was popularized by American synthesizer godfather Robert Moog in the 1950s and immortalized in the classic Sci-Fi flick The Day the Earth Stood Still.

A full-fledged Theremin will set you back nearly $400, but with the instructions below, you can build a pocket-sized Theremin-like instrument that won’t break the bank. Unlike the real McCoy which relies on grounded variable capacitance for changing frequency and volume with the wave of a hand, our Pocket Theremin uses variations in light for producing its unearthly vibrato.

Time: 3 Hours
Cost: $18.39
Difficulty: Easy

Parts

Note: Unlike a conventional Theremin which operates on two radio frequency oscillators, this Pocket Theremin consists of an oscillator and frequency divider that are manipulated by changes in light. Be forewarned, the Pocket Theremin is very light sensitive and must be “played” in subdued lighting for achieving the best sound effects.

Steps

1. Build the circuit. Use the Pocket Theremin circuit schematic (see below) for building the complete dual 555 Timer IC oscillator and frequency divider circuit. Pick a pair of CdS photocells from the Electronic Goldmine photocell assortment. Try various photocells for different sound effects. Keep all wiring long enough to comfortably string all of the components together inside your box.

2. Wire the terminal. Use the 2-position PCB terminal as a connector for the positive (+; red) lead and ground (-; black) lead of the 9-volt battery snap. Route all the circuit’s +9V connections to one pin of the 2-position PCB terminal and solder them together. Next, route all of the circuit’s GND connections to the other pin and solder all wires to this pin.

3. Deconstruct the box. Disassemble the metal split-level shielded box. Remove all plugs, spring-loaded doors, and modular shields that you don’t want in your final design.

4. Protect your insides. Insulate the insides of the metal box with tape, plastic tubing, or vinyl strips for preventing any of the electronic components from shorting out while playing your Pocket Theremin.

Theremin Construction: Putting the pieces together Photo by Dave Prochnow

5. Installation. Install the complete circuit inside the box. Mount the two CdS photocells externally on opposing sides of the box. This placement will help you control the final sound effects with greater independence and dexterity. Now fix the speaker to the front of the box. Screw the red lead from the battery snap into the +9V terminal from Step 2. Screw the snap’s black lead into the other terminal and route the 9V battery snap outside the box.

6. Power up. Connect the 9V battery to the battery snap. The Pocket Theremin should immediately begin to make some noise. You can control the volume of the speaker by adjusting the 5K potentiometer.

If you don’t hear anything, check for short circuits between the components, wiring, and metal box. If the circuit construction looks OK, try moving your Pocket Theremin into a darker location. In a slightly darkened room, your Pocket Theremin should be capable of producing a wild, wide variety of sounds. Just move your hands over the two CdS photocells for varying the frequency and pitch of your Pocket Theremin’s output.

Now go film your own retro SciFi flick, you’ve already got the sound effects in your pocket.

Click here for an MP3 of the Pocket Theremin in action

Theremin Schematic: Photo by Dave Prochnow

11 Comments

Comments

ford2go
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CDs photocells, fir shame! Not very WEE/RoHs friendly are we?

0 out of 3 people found this comment helpful
tarball
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Do you really understand what RoHS means?

It means you can now throw electronics in the trash instead of recycling them.

More important, it means that there is no more lead in the solder used to make electronic devices. Good, yes?

No. Very much no.

It means that a TV or any other device made from now on will last from 5 to 10 years, 10 years max, before it fails, and then it will be thrown away. It is a boondoggle for electronics manufacturers. And it's because solder without lead makes whiskers. This used to be a small problem when parts were large and well separated, but now parts are very small and close together. So when a tiny whisker grows from the tin, which it always does, it has a very good chance of touching another trace or part. And then, things stop working. Right now. No repair is possible.

RoHS is bad. Wasteful. And the manufacturers love it, because every TV, radio, cell phone, and even satellite, will have to be replaced in 5 to 10 years, instead 20 or 30.

Thank you European Union.

tom
K0TAR

4 out of 6 people found this comment helpful
furrylittleclown
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Very cool but not my thing.Matthew T. Gossar

0 out of 1 people found this comment helpful
JukSci
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Hate spoil the fun, but RoHS compliancy doesn't mean you can throw your electronics to trash. It is just that this kind of improper discarding is not that harmful for the environment as would be if the solder material would contain lead.

Whiskers are not a problem with modern solders. After studying the reliabilities of lead free solders about six years, none of the studied materials presented whiskers. And this was done on flip chip connections, which are scale smaller than current smd so whiskers would've been more than noticable.

Main reason for current electronics not lasting longer than about 5..10years is the half ass job done in designing the products in first place. The curse of mass production; buying new one is cheaper than repairing. Mainly due to popular demand of cheaper products.

2 out of 2 people found this comment helpful
Moredread
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@Tarball:

It is funny to read what you think about RoHs, but your thoughts have no contact to reality. First, RohS didn't allow you to throw things in normal trash. Second: Electronic devices will only last 10 years in future? Wow, that means, the average lifetime will be doubled.

Please don't tell people they should not talk about a topic if the don't understand it if you do not understand it yourself. ;-)

1 out of 1 people found this comment helpful
Headfoot
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Why is everyone such a nature-nut here? Your rhetoric borders on hysteria.
I highly doubt any of you have stopped driving your cars, stopped runing your computers, stopped playing your stereos, stopped heating your water, stopped turning on lights when its dark or made any other significant lifestyle change.

Lets talk about Pocket Theremins, not some tiny piece of electronic waste. How about you tell me how yours works?

1 out of 1 people found this comment helpful
cybersamurai
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This is a great article. I've always wanted to create my own electronic instrument and this is IT! THANK YOU and YOU ROCK!

HOWEVER, I have a few questions. On the bottom chip is a .01uh thingy and above it is a joint without(what my guess is) no solder/icon/bullet icon thing-a-ma-doowee. What gives?? Everywhere else I can see black-bally solder joints. HELP!

Also the 5k potentiometer... It has three parts I can solder wires too. How can I find out where I connect the wires?

PLEASE HELP! I failed this weekend due to a lame solderer and oh yeah, the schematic doesn't tell you which end is up on the chips soooo, yeeeah. My first attempt didn't make it past the leggs falling off of the chips, (careful, they are thin and break easy) but even if I did finish it and it followed the schematic exactly, I wouldn't have known that my chips were upside-down. Fortunately I found a site about the 555 chip and my second try will hopefully work... hopefully. :)

Oh, and by the way, the chip has a inset curve on one end... that's the top where the ground and power go. That's for any future DIY-fers needing to know.

0 out of 0 people found this comment helpful
nelsonii
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1) The "bullet" is a junction point. That dot is telling you that you must make an electrical connection there (i.e. solder the wires together). If the wires cross and there is not a dot, then they should not be connected.

Be careful, though, some schematics are sloppy and don't always make things clear. Also, some schematics will have a little "hump" when two wires cross (but don't connect), to make it easier to determine if it's a junction or not.

2) For pots, you're always going to wiring the center pin, that's the wiper (the arrow in the above diagram). Your other wire will go to either the left or the right (viewing from front/shaft), depending on desired behavior.

If this is a volume control, I'd say put it on the right, that way your resistance goes down as you turn the pot clockwise (lower resistence, in this case, means greater power to speaker = louder). Worst case, you'll wire it backwards and the sound will go down when you turn clockwise. Just swap the sides. Pots are pretty hard to kill at these voltages.

3) I'd recommend picking up a little "breadboard" and using that to practice with, as you can focus on the circuit and not your soldering skills. Once you have it breadboarded up, and have it working, then you can solder it up.

Also, see if you can pick up some sockets for the chips. That way you can solder things together and not have to worry about overheating the chips in the process.

4) The 555 has been around since the early 70s, so there's a lot of documentation out there. Very widely used for blinky-stuff, etc. I've found this site to be very helpful: http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm

0 out of 0 people found this comment helpful
Bass Player

from San Jose, California

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We need to treat the earth better or we all die!!! Recycle ur stuff, don't trash it!

1 out of 1 people found this comment helpful
Spaceresearcher
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This is awesome. A simple Theremin operating on 2 timers. I love it. Having built some more advanced Theremins it's nice to see an easy, simple design like this.

Honestly people this is simple electronics and you can put it together in less than 30min. In fact with little effort you can just output the output of the Theremin to a stereo system line in and give the neighbors some interesting sounds.

Many thanks Dave.

0 out of 0 people found this comment helpful
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