sand grains

Why do some sand castles stand firm until swallowed by the rising tide, while others fall over instantly?


Sand castles are ephemeral by natur—a good swift kick will destroy the sturdiest silicon-dioxide fortress in seconds—but scientists have learned that there are ways to maximize your creation's strength. Clark University physicist Arshad Kudrolli recently published a paper in the journal Nature Physics on just this topic, entitled"Maximum Angle of Stability of a Wet Granular Pile.â€

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