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Duck-Billed Platypus Genes Analyzed

Egg-laying mammal provides clues about evolution

An international team of scientists today published the first analysis of the genome sequence of Glennie, a female duck-billed platypus from Australia. Because the platypus occupies a unique branch on the tree of life, Glennie's genome could provide important clues about how humans and other mammalian species evolved.

Like all mammals, the platypus nourishes its young with milk. But platypus babies hatch from eggs, a characteristic usually associated with birds and reptiles.

By comparing the platypus genome with the genomes of other animals—including the human, mouse, dog, chicken and green anole lizard—the scientists hope to pinpoint which genes are common to all mammals, and when various traits have appeared or disappeared in the mammalian lineage.

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Air Force Reserve Pilot Sets World Record

6,000 hours in an F-16 Fighting Falcon . . . and counting

By the time Lieutenant Colonel Michael Brill touched down after a combat mission over Iraq earlier today, he had broken his own world record for the most hours spent flying the F-16 Fighting Falcon. Brill, a 421st Expeditionary Fighter Squadron pilot, has logged more than 6,000 hours in the F-16.

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Recovery of Ozone Hole May Increase Antarctic Warming

One step forward, one step back.

The good news is that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly healing, thanks to controls on ozone-depleting substances that were once widely used in products such as refrigerators and aerosol cans. Stratospheric ozone protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause problems such as skin cancer and crop damage.

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Metals That Generate Electric Fields May Keep Sharks Away

Materials that repel sharks could save lives . . . of sharks

A metal that reacts with seawater to produce an electric field may help keep sharks at bay. But the idea isn't to protect humans from shark attacks. Just the opposite: scientists hope the metal will save sharks from senseless deaths in fishing nets.

An estimated 11 million to 13 million sharks die each year as "bycatch," collateral damage in the hunt for other fish. Sharks grow slowly and can take many years to reach reproductive age, so their populations are being severely impacted by fishing.

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Rough Ride for Space Station Crew

For the third time in five years, a returning Soyuz spacecraft misses its mark.

The three members of the 16th International Space Station crew experienced a "ballistic trajectory" while returning from the station to the steppes of Kazakhstan in their Soyuz capsule on Saturday. Translation: Their spacecraft fell to earth like a lead weight, subjecting them to double the g-forces expected.

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Stopping Influenza at Its Source

A half-decade study to track the flu's travels could lead to better vaccines

Flu travel patterns: Seasonal influenza strains typically emerge in Asia and spread to the rest of the world along the routes shown here. Photo by Courtesy of NASA/University of Cambridge
Where does the flu come from? Scientists at the University of Cambridge and the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance Network tracked the migrations of flu viruses and discovered that the most common originate in East and Southeast Asia and spread in a distinctive pattern around the world. Understanding how these viruses evolve and travel will lead to better vaccines against flu epidemics that currently infect 5 to 15 percent of the world's population each year.

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Can Testosterone Make You Rich?

In a study of London stock traders, elevated hormone levels coincided with above-average profits.

A UK Trading Floor: Photo by HSBC
When financial-market traders start the day with high testosterone levels, they typically end the day with higher-than-average profits. That's the conclusion of researchers at the University of Cambridge who measured morning and afternoon levels of the hormone in 17 male City of London traders over eight consecutive business days. The findings were made public today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

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Animated Map Visualizes Greenhouse Gas Sources

Where U.S. carbon dioxide emissions come from...and where they go.

Vulcan CO2 Map: Color-coded for output density Photo by Purdue University
A new system for mapping carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. will help regulators figure out exactly where these emissions are coming from and how best to reduce them. Among human-produced gases that contribute to climate change, carbon dioxide is public enemy number one.

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Oldest Human DNA Found in the Americas

In an Oregon cave, scientists have found some really old s@!t

Native Americans living in Oregon thousands of years ago did what came naturally before the advent of flush toilets (or the state of Oregon): They relieved themselves in a lakeside cave. Thanks to them, scientists now have samples of the oldest human DNA ever found in the New World.

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New Flat-Faced Fish Sighted Off Indonesia

Thought to be an anglerfish, its two forward-facing eyes are a first for the fish world

Funny Face: The flat face and leglike pectoral fin suggest that this newly found fish is an anglerfish. Photo by M. Snyder, starknakedfish.com/divingmaluku.com
Divers have spotted a new type of fish off Ambon Island in Indonesian waters. The striped fish, which is about the size of a human fist, is believed to be an anglerfish because it crawls along the ground and into crevices using leglike pectoral fins.

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