All premium shuttles are machine tested (more below) and rated for speed which is mostly a function of feather grain and weight. High elevation or temperature at a competition will increases the speed of the shuttle forcing tournament directors to select a different speed rating of shuttlecock. In less elite competition feathers can be clipped to slow down the speed of the shuttlecock.
From pluck to production takes around a year. The shuttlecocks are not vacuum packed meaning the feathers begin degrading immediately. Yonex inventory turns over every two to three months, while suppliers will normally get rid of cans that are six to nine months old. In Beijing, somewhere between 6 and 18 shuttlecocks might get used in a match. Player will inspect feathers on every point and ask for a replacement if they detect the slightest bend. Can’t be playing with a crooked shuttlecock, now can we?
While we know it’s not science, the longer you spend researching shuttlecocks the more you question the origin of the odd name. Our Japanese friends suggested that the word ‘shuttle’ cam from a textile tool that meant going back and forth. They also proposed the ancient English word ‘scytel’ means ‘flaming arrow’ which combined with ‘cock’ (as in the chicken feathers once used) might make sense. An alternate option we found suggests the Chinese word for arrow sounds similar to shuttlecock but we guess our Japanese friends wouldn’t know that. We urge our readers to help clarify this burning question.
A badminton brawl. You thought we were lying.
While we can’t provide more info on the test machine used by the tightlipped Japanese, there’s a badminton machine developed by Mats Elm worth mentioning. After bagging a spring loaded design, Elms created a machine more than 15 years ago using compressed air. Several iterations later, the machine can feed shuttles all over the court, drop short, smash and even hit lobs. It can fire randomly or based on pre-programmed regimens. The speed of the shot and the interval between shots can also be varied for up to 72 shuttles. While Elm’s doesn’t have a video to share, take a look a look at the rapid fire below and you’ll get the point, and maybe gain a bit of respect for the best in badminton.
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good, fun article, especially with the videos. a factual error, however ... shuttlecocks must have 16 feathers (not 18)!
Also, the feathers must come from the left wing only to provide the proper aerodynamics, making this even more exotic than it might otherwise seem!
If players need to change the speed of the shuttle, the feathers are not 'clipped' as you stated, but 'tipped' in order to slow the shuttle down. (This is probably a translation error.) 'Tipping' means bending the tip of a feather outward. Just how much tip to use and how many of the feathers to bend depends on how much the shuttle needs to slow down. The amount of tip is a combination of both how much it is bent outward and how deep along the feather the bend is made. Tipping is used to slow down shuttles; it is hard to speed up shuttles if they are too slow. The best way to speed up a shuttle is to add a bit of weight to it which is best done ahead of time by steaming it a slight amount. Too much water and it will not only make the shuttle too heavy, but also soggy and prone to falling apart.
You might ask how to know whether a shuttle is of the proper speed. There are offical speed test procedures with courts having official marks to on them desgnating the acceptable distance for a properly hit shuttle to land if it is of the proper speed. Major tournaments generally test the shuttles at the beginning of each day prior to the start of matches to establish whether they are of the proper speed for that day. As you said, climate changes can have major effects on shuttle speed.