The Incredible Hulk: Curiously Strong

The Breakdown
Our expert tackles the physics behind the hero's super-strength (his magical pants are another story)


The latest cinematic version of The Incredible Hulk is due to hit theaters soon. Now, many people are aware that the most incredible thing about the Hulk is the way his pants always stay on when he expands to ten times his original volume. (If they didn’t it would make for a completely different kind of superhero.) His brute strength, however, is a close runner-up.

For a quick and impressive example, notice how at the end of the movie trailer the emotional green-skinned monster rips a car in half with his bare hands. How strong does he have to be to do this? Let’s do a rough calculation.

I looked up the tensile strength of steel and got an average value of around 500 MPa, (that’s 500 million newtons of force per square meter). This means it would take 500 million newtons (about 110 million pounds) to pull apart a beam of steel with a cross sectional area of 1.0 square meters. The total cross sectional area of actual metal in the car is probably closer to a tenth of that. That still means that the Hulk can exert a force of 11 million pounds while ripping a car in half.

This (incredible) strength also explains how he’s able to jump so high. The leg muscles are much stronger than the arms; especially when the arms are utilized to pull laterally—as they do with the car. If we assume the Hulk is able to exert 100 million pounds with his legs as he pushes off of the ground, and he applies the force for a tenth of a second we can approximate the speed with which he takes off, and thus the maximum height of his jump. Let’s also assume the mass of the Hulk is about 10 times that of Bruce Banner or 800 kg. According to Newton’s Second Law:

Fnet = Fpush – mg = ma

Plugging in the values and solving for acceleration (a) we get:

a = 560,000 m/s2 (or 56,000 g’s!)

In addition to a splitting headache, this acceleration would result in a takeoff velocity of v = at = (560,000 m/s2)(.1s) = 56,000 m/s—around five times the escape velocity from the surface of the Earth! And, still, the pants stay on . . .

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lol...

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Wonder if there is a way to calculate the Hulk's strength vs. his level of anger..??

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That makes enough sense considering that it would take that amount of force when pushing off of an almost liquid base. I mean to catapult yourself that high from a single push, the aftermath would be devastation. i.e turning solid granite to sand. However, even if you had infinite strength or torque, it would take lighting fast twitches to utilize said strength into a useful means of propulsion for a stellar leap???

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ow c'mon, it wouldnt be avery good if he became a naked hulk would it? i mean, how big will his willy get?

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OK, a car is not the same as a metal beam.

Cars do not really even have a frame and a lot of the metal parts have weak points such as bolts or other connectors. Thus would require much less force to pull apart.

Also, the components of the car will start breaking at different times, thus less force would be required.

Hulk also damaged the car first by hitting it, this would weaken the tensile strength. He also did not just pull it apart, there was some shearing action, torque and such that make the action more complex than described here.

it would not take thousands of tons of force to rip a car in half, you could probably do it with a couple transport trucks easily.

Even a tank has weak points (such as the turret ring) that would break when the hulk decides to rip the tank apart.

His actions in the movie place his strength on the order of 100 or so tons, which is correct when he is not too angry.

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